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Hemorrhoids pp 9–17Cite as

Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of Hemorrhoids

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Part of the book series: Coloproctology ((COLOPROCT,volume 2))

Abstract

The understanding of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of hemorrhoids is fundamental to selecting an appropriate treatment of hemorrhoids, improving treatment outcomes, developing novel methods for managing hemorrhoids, and preventing recurrent diseases. This chapter deals with some essential knowledge and current views of applied anatomy, anorectal physiology, and pathophysiology of hemorrhoids – which includes four main concepts of hemorrhoid formation: sliding anal cushions (loss of fixation network), vascular abnormality (dysregulation of vascular tone, high arterial blood flow, venous hypertension of anorectal vascular plexus, vascular hyperplasia, and neovascularization), rectal redundancy, and an increased pressure on anorectal vascular plexus.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Colorectal Surgery Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand

    Varut Lohsiriwat

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  1. Varut Lohsiriwat
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Correspondence to Varut Lohsiriwat .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Proctology Unit, University Hospital “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

    Carlo Ratto

  2. Proctology Unit, University Hospital “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

    Angelo Parello

  3. Proctology Unit, University Hospital “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Litta

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Lohsiriwat, V. (2018). Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of Hemorrhoids. In: Ratto, C., Parello, A., Litta, F. (eds) Hemorrhoids. Coloproctology, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53357-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53357-5_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53356-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53357-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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