On the week of September 20, 1948, a symposium titled “Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior” was held at the California Institute of Technology. The symposium focused on the question of how the nervous system controls behavior and was attended by a number of eminent scientists, such as John von Neumann, Wolfgang Köhler, Karl Lashley, and Heinrich Klüver. Of the papers presented at the symposium, Lashley’s (1951) paper is likely the most influential and enduring (Bruce 1994). Lashley (1951) focused on the problem of explaining how serially organized behaviors are represented and executed. At the time of his address, the dominant theory postulated that all serially organized behaviors were composed of a chain of stimulus-response (S-R) associations. That is, the functional stimulus for a response (Rn) is the response to the preceding stimulus (Rn-1). Lashley (1951) rejected the chaining theory of serial-organized behavior, especially as an explanation for language, and noted that many errors...
References
Beran, M. J., Pate, J. L., Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (2004). Sequential responding and planning in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 30(3), 203.
Biro, D., & Matsuzawa, T. (1999). Numerical ordering in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Planning, executing, and monitoring. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.113.2.178.
Brannon, E. M., & Terrace, H. S. (1998). Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys. Science, 282, 746–749. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5389.746.
Bruce, D. (1994). Lashley and the problem of serial order. American Psychologist, 49, 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.2.93.
Chen, S., Swartz, K. B., & Terrace, H. (1997). Knowledge of the ordinal position of list items in rhesus monkeys. Psychological Science, 8, 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00687.x.
Colombo, M., & Frost, N. (2001). Representation of serial order in humans: A comparison to the findings with monkeys (Cebus apella). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 262–269. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196160.
D'Amato, M., & Colombo, M. (1988). Representation of serial order in monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 14, 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.14.2.131.
Dehaene, S., Meyniel, F., Wacongne, C., Wang, L., & Pallier, C. (2015). The neural representation of sequences: From transition probabilities to algebraic patterns and linguistic trees. Neuron, 88, 2–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.019.
Ebenholtz, S. M. (1963). Serial learning: Position learning and sequential associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048320.
Enquist, M., Lind, J., & Ghirlanda, S. (2016). The power of associative learning and the ontogeny of optimal behaviour. Royal Society Open Science, 3, 160734. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160734.
Fagot, J., & Cook, R. G. (2006). Evidence for large long-term memory capacities in baboons and pigeons and its implications for learning and the evolution of cognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103, 17564–17567. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605184103.
Harris, E. H., Beran, M. J., & Washburn, D. A. (2007). Ordinal-list integration for symbolic, arbitrary, and analog stimuli by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The Journal of general psychology, 134(2), 183–197.
Koba, R., Takemoto, A., Miwa, M., & Nakamura, K. (2012). Characteristics of serial order learning in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 126, 279–287. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026613.
Lashley, K. S. (1951). The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior (pp. 112–136). New York: Wiley.
Merritt, D. J., MacLean, E. L., Crawford, J. C., & Brannon, E. M. (2011). Numerical rule-learning in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Frontiers in Psychology, 2(23), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00023.
Merritt, D. J., MacLean, E. L., Jaffe, S., & Brannon, E. M. (2007). A comparative analysis of serial ordering in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 121, 363–371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00023.
Miller, G. A., Galanter, E., & Pribram, K. H. (1960). Plans and the structure of behaviour. New York: Holt.
Ohshiba, N. (1997). Memorization of serial items by Japanese monkeys, a chimpanzee, and humans. Japanese Psychological Research, 39, 236–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5884.00057.
Ross, S. (2009). Sequential list-learning by an adolescent lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) using an infrared touchframe apparatus. Interaction Studies, 10, 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1075/is.10.2.02ros.
Scarf, D. (2011). Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columbia livia). Doctor of philosophy, University of Otago.
Scarf, D., & Colombo, M. (2009). Eye movements during list execution reveal no planning in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014020.
Scarf, D., & Colombo, M. (2010a). The formation and execution of sequential plans in pigeons (Columba livia). Behavioural Processes, 83, 179–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.004.
Scarf, D., & Colombo, M. (2010b). Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columba livia). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 36, 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020926.
Scarf, D., & Colombo, M. (2011). Knowledge of the ordinal position of list items in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 37, 483–487. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023695.
Scarf, D., Danly, E., Morgan, G., Colombo, M., & Terrace, H. S. (2011a). Sequential planning in rhesus monkeys (Macaca Mulatta). Animal Cognition, 14, 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-010-0365-2.
Scarf, D., Hayne, H., & Colombo, M. (2011b). Pigeons on par with primates in numerical competence. Science, 334, 1664–1664. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213357.
Straub, R., & Terrace, H. (1981). Generalization of serial learning in the pigeon. Animal Learning & Behavior, 9, 454–468. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209775.
ten Cate, C. (2017). Assessing the uniqueness of language: Animal grammatical abilities take center stage. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423–016–1091–9.
Terrace, H. (1987). Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task. Nature, 325, 149–151. https://doi.org/10.1038/325149a0.
Terrace, H. (1993). The phylogeny and ontogeny of serial memory: List learning by pigeons and monkeys. Psychological Science, 4, 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00481.x.
Terrace, H. (2006). The simultaneous chain: A new look at serially organized behavior. In E. A. Wasserman & T. R. Zentall (Eds.), Comparative cognition: Experimental explorations of animal intelligence (pp. 481–511). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Terrace, H., Son, L. K., & Brannon, E. M. (2003). Serial expertise of rhesus macaques. Psychological Science, 14, 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.01420.
Terrace, H. S., Straub, R. O., Bever, T. G., & Seidenbery, M. S. (1977). Representation of a sequence by a pigeon. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 10, 269.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Scarf, D., Colombo, M. (2018). Serial List Learning. In: Vonk, J., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1507-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1507-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47829-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47829-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences