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Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes pp 1–25Cite as

Components and Key Regulatory Steps of Lipid Biosynthesis in Actinomycetes

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ((HHLM))

Abstract

The biochemical steps in fatty acid synthesis are highly conserved in bacteria and in most organisms. However, the data provided by the massive genomic sequencing revealed a surprising amount of diversity in the genes, enzymes, and genetic organization of the components responsible for bacterial lipid synthesis, with these differences being even more striking in the order Actinomycetales. Fatty acid biosynthesis is energetically very expensive for the cell; therefore, adjusting the rate of fatty acid synthesis, in order to maintain membrane lipid homeostasis, is a key factor for bacterial survival. Bacteria have evolved sophisticated and diverse mechanisms to finely control the expression of the genes responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and, in some cases, also by regulating the activity of the pacemaker enzymes. In this chapter we summarize the main components of fatty acid biosynthesis and their regulation in different genera of actinomycetes, highlighting the main differences found between them and also with other bacteria. The main focus has been put into the acyl-CoA carboxylases, the fatty acid synthases, and on the regulatory elements that control these pathways.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH (1R01AI095183-01), ANPCyT PICT-2012-0168, PICT 2015-2022 and PID-2013-0042 to HG, PICT 2015-0796 to GG, PICT 2013-1981 to AA, and PICT 2014-1454 to LD.

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Author notes

  1. Gabriela Gago, Ana Arabolaza, and Lautaro Diacovich have contributed equally to this article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina

    Gabriela Gago, Ana Arabolaza & Lautaro Diacovich

  2. Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina

    Hugo Gramajo

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  3. Lautaro Diacovich
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  4. Hugo Gramajo
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Correspondence to Hugo Gramajo .

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  1. Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Otto Geiger

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Gago, G., Arabolaza, A., Diacovich, L., Gramajo, H. (2018). Components and Key Regulatory Steps of Lipid Biosynthesis in Actinomycetes. In: Geiger, O. (eds) Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43676-0_65-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43676-0_65-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43676-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43676-0

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