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Handbook of Nanofibers pp 1–37Cite as

Design of Heterogeneities and Interfaces with Nanofibers in Fuel Cell Membranes

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Abstract

Many fuel cell membranes are highly heterogeneous systems comprising mechanical and chemical reinforcing components, including porous polymer sheets, nanofibers or nanoparticles, as well as radical scavengers or hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalysts. In the last 10 years, great attention has been devoted to 1D nanomaterials obtained by electrospinning. Several chemistries and compositions from aliphatic or aromatic polymers to metal oxides and phosphates and morphologies from nanofibers to nanotubes have been employed to prepare nanocomposite membranes. Despite the significant advances realized, further improvements in ionomer membrane durability under operation are still required. In particular, it is crucial to control the heterogeneity induced by the nanofiber component and to strengthen the interface between them and the matrix. Specific interactions have been demonstrated to improve the fiber/matrix interface with overall improvement of dimensional and mechanical properties. In this chapter we review the different approaches to fuel cell membrane reinforcement based on electrospun polymers and inorganic nanofibers.

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Abbreviations

(s)PAES:

(Sulfonated) Poly(arylene ether sulfone)

(s)PEEK:

(Sulfonated) Poly(ether ether ketone)

(s)PEEKK:

(Sulfonated) Poly(ether ether ketone ketone)

(s)PES:

(Sulfonated) Polyethersulfone

(s)PFEK:

(Sulfonated) Poly(fluorenyl ether ketone)

(s)PI:

(Sulfonated) Polyimide

(s)PPESK:

(Sulfonated) Poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)

(s)PSU:

(Sulfonated) Polysulfone

1D:

One-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

ADL:

Acid doping level

BPPO:

Bromomethylated polyphenylene oxide

CDP:

Cesium dihydrogen phosphate

CNF:

Carbon nanofibers

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

C-PAMPS:

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid)

Cys:

Cysteine

DMAc:

Dimethylacetamide

DMD:

Direct membrane deposition

DMF:

Dimethylformamide

DMFC:

Direct methanol fuel cell

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EW:

Equivalent weight

FER:

Fluoride emission rate

Gly:

Glycine

LSC:

Long side-chain

Lys:

Lysine

MEA:

Membrane electrode assembly

MW:

Molecular weight

NT:

Nanotubes

OCV:

Open-circuit voltage

PA:

Phosphoric acid

PAA:

Polyacrylic acid

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PBI:

Polybenzimidazole

PBz:

Polybenzoxazine

PEI:

Polyetherimide

PEMFC:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells

PEO:

Polyethylene oxide

PFSA:

Perfluorosulfonic acid

PPA:

Polyphosphoric acid

PPSU:

Polyphenylsulfone

PTFE:

Poly tetrafluoroethylene

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVB:

Polyvinyl butyral

PVDF:

Poly vinylidene fluoride

PVDF-HFP:

Polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

RH:

Relative humidity

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

Ser:

Serine

sPOSS:

Sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

sPPO:

Sulfonated poly(phenyleneoxide)

sPS:

Sulfonated polystyrene

SSC:

Short side-chain

sZrO2 :

Sulfonated zirconia

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TEOS:

Tetraethylorthosilicate

Tg :

Glass transition temperature

vol%:

Volume percent

wt%:

Weight percent

ZCCH:

Zinc-aminotriazolato-oxalate

ZrP:

Zirconium phosphate

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Acknowledgments

Funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 306682 and from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 671465 VOLUMETRIQ is gratefully acknowledged. The Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

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  1. Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Agrégats Interfaces et Matériaux pour l’Energie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Marta Zatoń, Sara Cavaliere, Deborah J. Jones & Jacques Rozière

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  1. Marta Zatoń
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Correspondence to Marta Zatoń .

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  1. Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Materials and Chemistry (M Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium

    Ahmed Barhoum

  2. Montpellier, France

    Mikhael Bechelany

  3. University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , Edinburg, USA

    Abdel Makhlouf

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Zatoń, M., Cavaliere, S., Jones, D.J., Rozière, J. (2018). Design of Heterogeneities and Interfaces with Nanofibers in Fuel Cell Membranes. In: Barhoum, A., Bechelany, M., Makhlouf, A. (eds) Handbook of Nanofibers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42789-8_32-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42789-8_32-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42789-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42789-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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