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Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Related Neoplasms

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Pathology

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Pathology ((EP))

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Synonyms

Acute myelogenous leukemia; Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia; Agranular CD4+ CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm; Agranular CD4+ NK cell leukemia; Blastic NK cell lymphoma; Blastic NK leukemia/lymphoma

Definition

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a bone marrow cancer, characterized by the clonal expansion and lack of differentiation of early myeloid cells. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis of AML requires a myeloid blast count ≥20% of nucleated cells in the blood or bone marrow. Blasts can also infiltrate other organs or tissues such as skin, gums, or lymph nodes. Rarely AML can present as an isolated myeloid sarcoma in any tissue. The definition of myeloid blasts includes abnormal promyelocytes in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and promonocytes in monocytic/monoblastic AML. Almost any myeloid lineage can be affected; myeloid or monocytic are relatively common, but rare basophilic, pure erythroid and megakaryocytic forms of AML exist.

Classification

AML is an extremely...

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References and Further Reading

  • Döhner, H., Estey, E., Grimwade, D., Amadori, S., Appelbaum, F. R., Büchner, T., Dombret, H., Ebert, B. L., Fenaux, P., Larson, R. A., Levine, R. L., Lo-Coco, F., Naoe, T., Niederwieser, D., Ossenkoppele, G. J., Sanz, M., Sierra, J., Tallman, M. S., Tien, H. F., Wei, A. H., Löwenberg, B., & Bloomfield, C. D. (2017). Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood, 129(4), 424–447.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service (HODS), Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK

    Emily Mitchell, Emma Gudgin & Livia Raso-Barnett

Authors
  1. Emily Mitchell
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  2. Emma Gudgin
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  3. Livia Raso-Barnett
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Livia Raso-Barnett .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. NIJMEGEN, The Netherlands

    J.H.J.M. van Krieken

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Mitchell, E., Gudgin, E., Raso-Barnett, L. (2019). Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Related Neoplasms. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_3816-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_3816-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

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