Abstract
Today botulinum toxin is considered a gold standard cosmetic procedure for the frontal lines, and although different brands have been introduced to the market, understanding the individual mimics and real muscle extension lead to a differentiated natural outcome. For good and beautiful features, the patient must be evaluated dynamically and other issues must be considered such as the brow level, the facial and rhytids asymmetry as well as muscle hypertrophy and extension. Based on these individuality, the doctor might be comfortable to rapidly classify the lines and predict the distribution of the sites to determine the amount of botulinum toxin to be injected to each one. The physician’s aim is a natural look and a long-term treatment, not only to minimize the rhytids, but to prevent the deep forehead lines. Different clinical presentations require an individual analysis and planning.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Braz AV, Sakuma TH. Patterns of contraction of the frontalis muscle: a pilot study. Surg Cosmet Dermatol. 2010;2(3):191–4.
Carruthers J, Fagien S. Matarasso SL; Botox consensus group. Consensus recommendations on the use of botulinum toxin type a in facial aesthetics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114(6 Suppl):1S–22S.
Cox SE, Finn JC, Stetler L, Mackowiak J, Kowalski JW. Development of the facial lines treatment satisfaction questionnaire and initial results for botulinum toxin type A-treated patients. Implications of facial lines. Dermatol Surg May. 2003;29(5):444–9; discussion 449
Dubina M, Tung R, Bolotin D, Mahoney AM, Tayebi B, Sato M, Mulinari-Brenner F, Jones T, West DP, Poon E, Nodzenski M, Alam M. Treatment of forehead/glabellar rhytides complex with combination botulinum toxin A and hyaluronic acid versus botulinum toxin A injection alone: a split face, rater-blinded, randomized control trial. J Cosmetic Dermatol. 2013;12(4):261–6.
Finn JC, Ellen-Cox S. Practical anatomy of botulinum toxin. In: Carruthers A, Carruthers J, editors. Botulinum toxin. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2005. p. 19–30.
Gordin EA, et al. Subcutaneous vs intramuscular botulinum toxin: split-face randomized study. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2014;16(3):193–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2013.2458.
Lorenc ZP, et al. Understanding the functional anatomy of the frontalis and glabellar complex for optimal aesthetic botulinum toxin type a therapy. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2013;37(5):975–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-013-0178-1.
Steinsapir KD, Rootman D, Wulc A, Hwang C. Cosmetic Microdroplet Botulinum Toxin A Forehead Lift: A New Treatment Paradigm. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;31(4):263–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000000282
Tamura BM. Padronização dos pontos musculares da regiĂŁo frontal e glabelar. In: Doris Hexsel, Ada Trindade de Almeida. (Org.). Uso cosmĂ©tico da toxina botulĂnica, vol. 1. 1st ed. Porto Alegre: AGE Editora; 2002. p. 145–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Avé, B.R.C. (2019). Botulinum Toxin for Forehead. In: Issa, M., Tamura, B. (eds) Botulinum Toxins, Fillers and Related Substances. Clinical Approaches and Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_2-3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_2-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20253-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20253-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Botulinum Toxin for Forehead- Published:
- 04 January 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_2-3
-
Botulinum Toxin for Forehead
- Published:
- 19 March 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_2-2
-
Original
Botulinum Toxin and the Forehead.- Published:
- 12 April 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20253-2_2-1