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International Space Station (ISS) Exercise Countermeasures

Encyclopedia of Bioastronautics

Definition

Countermeasure is a broad term used to describe physical modes, psychological support, and nutritional and pharmacological approaches taken to maintain the health and functional status of spaceflight crewmembers during their missions.

Long-duration spaceflight (LDS) results in musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, and sensorimotor deconditioning. Historically, exercise has been used as a physical countermeasure to mitigate deleterious effects that occur as a consequence of microgravity exposures. Standardized medical evaluations before, during, and after each mission have been utilized to determine the efficacy of these countermeasures.

Introduction

Astronaut and cosmonaut fitness affects safety and the success of their tasks in space. The ultimate equipment and protocols that are being employed have evolved through lengthy negotiations and establishment of system requirements. Cultural differences had to be considered in conjunction with lessons learned, evidence-based...

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References

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. NASA Johnson Space Center, Round Rock, TX, USA

    Charles Sawin

Authors
  1. Charles Sawin
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Correspondence to Charles Sawin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Room 37-219, Massachusetts Institute of Technolo Room 37-219, CAMBRIDGE, MA, USA

    Laurence R. Young

  2. Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Center for Space Medicine, HOUSTON, TX, USA

    Jeffrey P. Sutton

Section Editor information

  1. Center for Space Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    Neal R. Pellis

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Sawin, C. (2019). International Space Station (ISS) Exercise Countermeasures. In: Young, L., Sutton, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Bioastronautics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10152-1_137-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10152-1_137-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10152-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10152-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

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Chapter history

  1. Latest

    International Space Station (ISS) Exercise Countermeasures
    Published:
    13 November 2020

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10152-1_137-2

  2. Original

    International Space Station (ISS) Exercise Countermeasures
    Published:
    06 March 2019

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10152-1_137-1

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