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Definition
NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase (EC 1.6.3.1) is an enzyme that produces superoxide anions by transferring electrons from reduced NADPH (the electron donor) to oxygen (O2). In the reaction, each NADPH molecule donates two electrons, which reduce two oxygen molecules, respectively, yielding two superoxide anions. NADPH oxidase is not a single protein but a multi-subunit protein complex (Babior 2004). While the term NADPH oxidase generally refers to such a protein complex, sometimes it is also ambiguously used to describe the catalytic subunit of the enzyme (aka the NOX subunit). The NADPH oxidase family contains different isoforms of the catalytic subunit, which may differ in the enzyme composition, subcellular localization, expression patterns, and/or biochemical properties. Some isoforms of NADPH oxidase produce hydrogen peroxide instead of superoxide.
Basic Characteristics
Prototype NADPH...
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References
Altenhofer S, Radermacher KA, Kleikers PW, Wingler K, Schmidt HH (2015) Evolution of NADPH oxidase inhibitors: selectivity and mechanisms for target engagement. Antioxid Redox Signal 23(5):406–427. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5814
Babior BM (2004) NADPH oxidase. Curr Opin Immunol 16(1):42–47. S0952791503001936
Bedard K, Krause KH (2007) The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 87(1):245–313. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00044.2005. 87/1/245 [pii]
Drummond GR, Selemidis S, Griendling KK, Sobey CG (2011) Combating oxidative stress in vascular disease: NADPH oxidases as therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 10(6):453–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd3403. nrd3403 [pii]
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Jiang, F. (2020). NADPH Oxidase. In: Offermanns, S., Rosenthal, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21573-6_10023-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21573-6_10023-1
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