Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signal

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Synonyms

Blood-oxygen-level dependence

Definition

Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal is the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast of blood deoxyhemoglobin. Seiji Ogawa and his colleagues first discovered this intrinsic contrast mechanism in 1990. Neurons do not store internal reserves of glucose and oxygen, which are essential to their proper function. Increases in neuronal activity, typically in response to a demand for information processing, require more glucose and oxygen to be rapidly delivered via the blood stream. Via this hemodynamic response, blood releases glucose and oxygen to active neurons at a faster rate relative to inactive neurons. This results in a surplus of oxyhemoglobin localized to the active area, giving rise to a measureable change in the local ration of oxy- to deoxyhemoglobin, thus providing a localizable marker of activity for MRI.

See Also

Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 1,799.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References and Readings

  • Belliveau, J. W., Kennedy, D. N., McKinstry, R. C., Buchbinder, B. R., Weisskoff, R. M., Cohen, M. S., Vevea, J. M., Brady, T. J., & Rosen, B. R. (1991). Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by magnetic resonance imaging. Science, 254, 716–719.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwong, K. W., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Goldberg, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., Turner, R., Cheng, H., Brady, T. J., & Rosen, B. R. (1992). Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 89, 5951–5955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa, S., Lee, T. M., Nayak, A. S., & Glynn, P. (1990). Oxygenation-sensitive contrast in magnetic resonance image of rodent brain at high magnetic fields. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 14, 68–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Dr. Kevin A. Pelphrey (Harris Associate Professor of Psychology)

Authors
  1. Dr. Kevin A. Pelphrey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kevin A. Pelphrey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Irving B. Harris Professor of Child Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology Yale University School of Medicine, Chief, Child Psychiatry Children's Hospital at Yale-New Haven Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA

    Fred R. Volkmar (Director, Child Study Center) (Director, Child Study Center)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Pelphrey, K.A. (2013). Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signal. In: Volkmar, F.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_550

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_550

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1697-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1698-3

  • eBook Packages: Behavioral Science

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation