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The Use of Protoplasts to Study Innate Immune Responses

Protocol
Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 354)

Abstract

The use of plant protoplast transient expression system has facilitated the discovery and dissection of many signal transduction pathways in response to hormones, metabolites, and stresses. Recently, Arabidopsis protoplasts also have been used successfully to study plant innate immune responses triggered by pathogen-derived elicitors. Here, we describe the detailed protocols for studying innate immune responses, including cell death and early defense gene regulation activated by two types of elicitors, pathogen-associated molecular patterns and bacterial type III effectors in Arabidopsis protoplasts. This cellbased system simplifies the complex pathogen-plant interactions to pure individual signals and synchronized cell-autonomous responses. The application of this novel approach provides high temporal and spatial resolution to enhance our understanding of the distinct and overlapping signaling events in pathogen-associated molecular pattern- and bacterial type III effector-activated immune responses at the molecular and cellular level.

Key Words

Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplast innate immunity PAMP Avr cell death early defense gene regulation 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Health.

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Copyright information

© Humana Press Inc. 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Molecular BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalUSA
  2. 2.Department of GeneticsHarvard Medical SchoolBoston

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