Ribozymes and siRNA Protocols pp 19-32 | Cite as
Determination of Kinetic Parameters for Hammerhead and Hairpin Ribozymes
Protocol
- 962 Downloads
Abstract
The application of conventional enzymological methods to the study of hairpin and hammerhead ribozymes has led to valuable insights into the mechanisms by which these small RNAs catalyze phosphodiester cleavage and ligation reactions. Here, protocols are presented for measuring rate constants for simple cleavage and ligation reactions mediated by minimal hammerhead and hairpin ribozymes under standard experimental conditions. Information is also provided to help researchers recognize and interpret more complex reaction kinetics that can be observed for ribozyme-sequence variants under a variety of reaction conditions.
Keywords
Cleavage Product Stop Solution Product Dissociation Hammerhead Ribozyme Hairpin Ribozyme
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
- 1.Hutchins, C. J., Rathjen, P. D., Forster, A. C., and Symons, R. H. (1986) Self-cleavage of plus and minus transcripts of avocado sunblotch viroid. Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 3627–3640.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Buzayan, J. M., Gerlach, W. L., and Bruening, G. (1986) Nonenzymatic cleavage and ligation of RNAs complementary to a plant virus satellite RNA. Nature 323, 349–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Buzayan, J. M., Hampel, A., and Bruening, G. (1986) Nucleotide sequence and newly formed phosphodiester bond of spontaneously ligated satellite tobacco ringspot virus RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 9729–9743.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Uhlenbeck, O. C. (1987) A small catalytic oligoribonucleotide. Nature 328, 596–600.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Haseloff, J. and Gerlach, W. L. (1988) Simple RNA enzymes with new and highly specific endoribonuclease activities. Nature 334, 585–591.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Hampel, A. and Tritz, R. (1989) RNA catalytic properties of the minimum (-)sTRSV sequence. Biochemistry 28, 4929–4933.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Hertel, K. J. and Uhlenbeck, O. C. (1995) The internal equilibrium of the hammerhead ribozyme reaction. Biochemistry 34, 1744–1749.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Hegg, L. A. and Fedor, M. J. (1995) Kinetics and thermodynamics of intermo-lecular catalysis by hairpin ribozymes. Biochemistry 34, 15,813–15,828.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Hertel, K. J., Herschlag, D., and Uhlenbeck, O. C. (1994) A kinetic and thermo-dynamic framework for the hammerhead ribozyme reaction. Biochemistry 33, 3374–3385.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Ferguson, W. J., Braunschweiger, K. I., Braunschweiger, W. R., Smith, J. R., McCormick, J. J., Wasmann, C. C., et al. (1980) Hydrogen ion buffers for biological research. Anal. Biochem. 104, 300–310.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Stage-Zimmermann, T. K. and Uhlenbeck, O. C. (1998) Hammerhead ribozyme kinetics. RNA 4, 875–889.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Fedor, M. J. (2000) Structure and function of the hairpin ribozyme. J. Mol. Biol. 297, 269–291.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Fedor, M. J. and Uhlenbeck, O. C. (1992) Kinetics of intermolecular cleavage by hammerhead ribozymes. Biochemistry 31, 12,042–12,054.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Nesbitt, S., Hegg, L. A., and Fedor, M. J. (1997) An unusual pH-independent and metal-ion-independent mechanism for hairpin ribozyme catalysis. Chem. Biol. 4, 619–630.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 2004