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Cytokines and Colony Stimulating Factors pp 117–133Cite as

Angiogenic Cytokines

Quantitative and Functional Analysis

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 215))

Abstract

Following the recognition that angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis formation (1,2), evidence has accumulated that angiogenesis is a component of many pathologies. Numerous angiogenic factors that regulate this complex process alone or in synergy have been identified. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (3), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (4), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and angiopoietin-1 and -2 (Ang-1 and Ang-2) have been shown to induce angiogenesis in a variety of experimental models (5-7). VEGF is an important angiogenic agent and endothelial specific mitogen, which has been implicated in the neovascularization of a wide variety of tumors (9). VEGF acts via a paracrine mechanism mainly through two specific receptors on the surface of endothelial cells: Flt 1 and KDR (10,11). Although encoded by a single gene, VEGF has several isoforms generated by alternative splicing (12,13). Of these, the main isoforms VEGF121 and VEGF165 are secreted soluble glycoproteins, whereas VEGF189 and VEGF206 remain bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the cell surface (14). The importance of VEGF as a potential target for antineoplastic therapy has been demonstrated in several studies in which neutralizing antibodies to VEGF or VEGF receptors inhibited tumor growth and vascularization in vivo (15,16).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

    Angelika Eggert

  2. Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    John H. Maris

Authors
  1. Angelika Eggert
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  2. John H. Maris
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Dieter Körholz  & Wieland Kiess  & 

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© 2003 Humana Press Inc.

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Eggert, A., Maris, J.H. (2003). Angiogenic Cytokines. In: Körholz, D., Kiess, W. (eds) Cytokines and Colony Stimulating Factors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 215. Humana, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-345-3:117

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-345-3:117

  • Publisher Name: Humana, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-035-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-345-3

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