Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer

Past And Present

  • Protocol
Lung Cancer

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Medicine™ ((MIMM,volume 75))

Abstract

From the fortuitous beginning of surgery of the chest in the 15th century to the scientific discoveries of the 17th–19th centuries, a body of knowledge was acquired that enabled the “rise of surgery from empiric craft to scientific discipline” (2). The evolution of general surgical practice and derivation of thoracic specialty practiced, was interwoven with the advancement of science in other fields. Early discoveries in anatomy and physiology, of percussion and auscultation, of Roentgen’s X-rays, the introduction of bronchoscopy, the development of anesthesia, and understanding the causes of infection and antisepsis were building blocks for progress in the surgical treatment of thoracic disease. This progress, as described by Naef (3), was the “end result of heroic efforts by pioneers in the field of surgery who persisted in their quest to provide a surgical solution for the difficult problems of intrathoracic disease.” The time line (see Fig. 1) reflects the development of safe thoracotomy and procedures for resection of lung cancer (4).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Castiglioni, A. (ed.) (1947) A History of Medicine. Knopf, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wangensteein, O. H. and Wangensteen, S. D. (1978) The Rise of Surgery From Empiric Concept to Scientific Discipline. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 553–580.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Naef, A. P. (ed.) (1990) The Story of Thoracic Surgery. Hogrefe & Huber, Toronto, Canada, pp. 31–32.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mountain, C. F. (2000) The evolution of surgical treatment for lung cancer. Chest Surg. Clin. North Am. 10, 83–104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Smith, R. A. (1982) Development of lung surgery in the United Kingdom. Thorax 37, 161–168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gruhn, J. G. and Rosen, S. T. (1989) Lung Cancer: The Evolution of Concepts, vol. 1, Field and Wood, New York, N Y.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Auenbrugger, L. (1761) Inventum Novum ex Percussione Thoracic Humani, ut Signo Abstrusos Interni Pectoris Morbos Detegendi, Vienna, 1761. (Forbes, J., tr.), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1936. (Cited by Gruhn, ref. 6, p. 4).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Laennec, R. T. H. (1816) A treatise on the diseases of the chest. (in which they are described according to their anatomical characters, and their diagnosis establishing a new principle by means of acoustick instruments). (Forbes, J. (tr.) T and G Underwood, London, 1921. (Cited in Gruhn Ref. 6, p. 29).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Laennec, R. T. H. (1815) “Encephaloides,” Dictionaire des sciences medicales, vol. 12, Panckoucke, Paris: p. 165. (Cited in Rosenblatt, M.B. (1964) Bull. Hist. Med. 38, 395, ref. List p. 340).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Andral, G. (1821) Recherches sur ľexpectoration dans les differentes maladies de poitrine, vol. 87 Didat, Paris. (Cited by Brewer, L.A. [1982] Historical notes on lung cancer before and after Graham’s successful pneumonectomy in 1933 Am. J. Surg. 143, 650).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Flint, A. (1866) A practical treatise on the physical exploration of the chest and the diagnosis of diseases affecting the respiratory organs, 2nd ed., HC Lea, Philadelphia, p. 489. (Cited by Oschner, A. (1978) The development of pulmonary surgery, with special emphasis on carcinoma and bronchiectasis. Am. J. Surg. 135, p734).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Papanicolaou, G. N. and Trent, H. F. (1946) Diagnostic value of exfoliated cells from cancerous tissue. JAMA 131 13, 372–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Roentgen, W. C. (1895) Uber eine neue Art von Strahlen, Erste Mitteilung. Sitzgsber Physikal Gesellschaft, Wurtzberg, p. 132.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Killian, G. (1898) Ueber Directe Bronchoskopie. Munch. Med. Wochenschr. 45, 844.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jackson, C. (1905) Foreign bodies in the trachea, bronchus and oesophagus: the aid of oesophagoscopy, bronchoscopy and magnetism in the extraction. Laryngoscope 15, 257–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Jackson, C. (1917) Endothelioima of the right bronchus removed by peroral bronchoscopy. Am. J. Med. Sci. 153, 371–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Davies, H. M. (1913) Recent advances in surgery of the lung and pleura. Br. J. Surg. 1, 228–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Brunn, H. (1929) Surgical principles underlying one-stage lobectomy. Arch. Surg. 18, 490–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Shenstone, N. S. and Janes, R. M. (1932) Experience in pulmonary lobectomy. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 27, 138–145.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nissen, R. (1980) Total pneumonectomy. (Classics in Thoracic Surgery) Ann. Thor. Surg. 29, 390–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Haight, C. (1934) Total removal of left lung for bronchiectasis. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 58, 768–780.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Graham, E. A. and Singer J. J. (1933) Successful removal of an entire lung for carcinoma of the bronchus. JAMA 101, 1371–1374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Meade, R. H. (1961) A History of Thoracic Surgery. Charles C. Thomas, Spring-field, IL, p. 589.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Brewer, L. A. (1984) The first pneumonectomy. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 88, 810–826.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Naef, A. P. (1990) The Story of Thoracic Surgery. Hogrefe and Huber, Toronto, p. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Churchill, E. D. (1932) The surgical treatment of carcinoma of the bronchus. J. Thorac. Surg. 2, 254–266.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hurt, R. (1996) The History of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Parthenon Publishing Group, New York, N Y, p. 284.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Reinhoff, W. F. (1936) The surgical technique of total pneumonectomy. Arch. Surg. 32, 218–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Archibald, E. (1934) The technique of total unilateral pneumonectomy. Ann. Surg. 100, 796–811.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Overholt, R. H. (1934) The total removal of the right lung for carcinoma. J. Thor. Surg. 4, 196–210.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Churchill, E. D. and Belsey, R. (1939) Segmental pneumonectomy in bronchiectasis; lingula segment of the left upper lobe. Ann. Surg. 109, 481–499.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Overholt, A. (1947) A new technique for pulmonary segmental resection. Surg. Gyn. Obst. 84, 257–268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Le Roux, B. T. (1972) Management of bronchial carcinoma by segmental resection. Thorax 27, 70–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Jensik, R. J. (1986) The extent of resection for localized lung cancer in segmental resection, in Current Controversies in Thoracic Surgery (Kittle, C. F., ed.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, p 175.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lung Cancer Study Group (prepared by Ginsberg, R. J. and Rubenstein, L. V. (1995) Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1 N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Ann. Thor. Surg. 60, 615–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Graham, E. A. (1944) Indications for total pneumonectomy. Dis. Chest. 10, 87–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Ochsner, A. and DeBakey, M. (1942) Significance of metastasis in primary carcinoma of the lung. J. Thor. Surg. 11, 357–387.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Allison, P. R. (1946) Intrapericardial approach to the lung root in the treatment of bronchial carcinoma by dissection pneumonectomy. J. Thorac. Surg. 15, 99–117.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Brock, R. and Whytehead, L. L. (1955) Radical pneumonectomy for bronchial carcinoma. Br. J. Surg. 43, 8–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cahan, W. G., Watson, W. I., and Pool, J. L. (1951) Radical pneumonectomy. J. Thorac. Surg. 22, 449–473.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Alwyn, J. A. (1951) Avoidable vascular spread in resection for bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 6, 250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Johnson, J., Kirby, C. K., and Blakemore, W. S. (1958) Should we insist on “radical pneumonectomy” as a routine procedure in the treatment of carcinoma of the lung. J. Thorac. Surg. 36, 309–315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Watson, W. L. (1956) Carcinoma of the lung with five-year survivals: a study of 3000 cases. Cancer 9, 1167–1172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Shimkin, M. B., Connelly, B. S., Marcus, B. S., and Cutler, S. J. (1962) Pneumonectomy and lobectomy in bronchogenic carcinoma. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 44, 503–519.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Rubio, P. A. (ed.) (1986) Atlas of Stapling Techniques. Aspen Publishers, Inc., Rockville, MD, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hagopian, E. J., Mann, C., Galibert, C., and Steichen F. M. (2000) The history of surgical instruments and instrumentation. Chest Surg. Clin. North Am. 10, 9–43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ravitch, M. M. (1991) Historical perspective and personal viewpoint, in Current Practice of Surgical Stapling (Ravitch, M. M., Steichen, F. M., and Welter, R., eds.), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Steichen, F. M. (1991) Inspiratin and rationale for the development of mechanical sutures, in Current Practice of Surgical Stapling (Ravitch, M. M., Steichen, F. M., and Welter, R., eds.), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Aoki, T., Ozeki, Y., Watanabe, M., and Tanaka, S. (1998) Cartilage folding method for main bronchial stapling. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 65, 1800–1801.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Carlens, E. (1959) Mediastinoscopy: a method for inspection and tissue biopsy in the superior mediastinum. Dis. Chest. 36, 343–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Sarin, C. L. and Nohl-Oser, H. C. (1969) Mediastinoscopy: a clinical evaluation of 400 consecutive cases. Thorax 24, 585–588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Mountain, C. F. (1990) The role of mediasinoscopy in the management of lung cancer. Proceedings of the Sixth National Cancer Conference, Lippincott & Co., Denver, CO, pp. 829–834.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Mountain, C. F. (1991) The surgical treatment of lung cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 11, 179–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Pearson, F. G. (1985) Management of stage III disease: Mediastinal adenopathy-the N2 lesion, in Lung Cancer: International Trends in General Thoracic Surgery, vol. 1, (Delarue, N. C. and Eschapasse, H., eds.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 104–120.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Coleman, F. P. (1947) Primary carcinoma of the lung, with invasion of the ribs. Ann. Surg. 126, 156–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Grillo, H. C. (1985) Techncal considerations in stage III disease: pleural and chest wall involvement, in Lung Cancer: International Trends in General Thoracic Surgery, vol. 1, (Delarue, N. C. and Eschapasse, H., eds.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 134–138.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Mountain, C. F. (1990) Expanded possibilities for surgical treatment of lung cancer. Survival in stage IIIa disease. Chest 97, 1045–1051.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hare, E. (1838) Tumor involving certain nerves, vol. 1, London: Med. Gaz. 1, 16–18.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Pancoast, H. K. (1932) Superior pulmonary sulcus tumor. JAMA 99, 1391–1396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Chardack, W. M. and McCallum, J. D. (1956) Pancoast tumor (five year survival without recurrence or metastases following radical resection and postoperative irradiation). J. Thorac. Surg. 31, 335–542.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Shaw, R. R., Paulson, D. L., and Kee, J. R. Treatment of the superior sulcus tumor by irradiation followed by resection. Ann. Surg. 154, 29–40.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Paulson, D. L. (1975) Carcinomas in the superior pulmonary sulcus. J. Thorac. Surg. 70, 1095–1104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kittle, F. C. (2000) History of lobectomy and segmentectomy including sleeve resection. Chest. Surg. Clin. North Am. 10, 105–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Taffel, M. (1940) The Repair of tracheal and bronchial defects with free facia grafts. Surgery 8, 56–71.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Price-Thomas, C. (1956) Conserving resection of the bronchial tree. J. R. Coll. Surg. (Edinburgh) 1–2, 169–186.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Kittle, P. C. (2000) Allison P. R. noted in History of lobectomy and segmentectomy including sleeve resection. Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. 10, 126.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Grillo, H. C., Bendexen, H. H., and Gephart, T. (1963) Resection of the carina and lower trachea. Ann. Surg. 158, 889–893.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Deslauriers, J., Gaulin, P., and Beaulier, M., et al. (1986) Long-term clinical and functional results of sleeve lobectomy for primary lung cancer. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 92, 871–89.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Jensik, R. J., Faber, L. P., Milloy, F. J., and Amot, J. J. (1972) Sleeve lobectomy for carcinoma, a ten-year experience. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 64, 400–412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Redina, E. A., Venuta, F., and De Giacomo, T. (1999) Sleeve resection and prosthetic reconstrction of the pulmonary artery for lung cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 68, 995–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Toomes, H. and Vogt-Mycopf, I. (1985) Conservative resection for lung cancer, in Lung Cancer: International Trends in General Thoracic Surgery (Delarue, N. C. and Eschapasse, H., eds.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 88–99.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Detterbeck, F. C. and Egan, T. M. (2001) Surgery for stage II non-small cell lung cancer, in Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer (Detterbeck, F. C., Rivera, M. P., Socinski, M. A., and Rosenman, J. G., eds.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 191–197.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Jensik, R. J. (1985) Conservative resection for lung cancer. Discussion, in Lung Cancer: International Trends in General Thoracic Surgery (Delarue, N.C. and Eschapasse, H., eds.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 100–103.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Dewey, T. M. and Mack, M. J. (2000) Lung cancer: surgical approaches and incisions. Chest Surg. Clin. North Am. 10, 803–820.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Smyth, W. R. and Kaiser, L. R. (1993) History of thoracoscopic surgery, in Thoracoscopic Surgery (Kaisser, L. R. and Daniels, T. M., eds.), Little Brown & Company, Boston, MA, pp. 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Lewis, R. J., Caccavale, R. J., Bocage, J. P., and Widman, W. D. (1999) Video-assisted thoracic non-rib spreading simultaneously stapled lobectomy, a more patient-friendly operation. Chest 116, 119–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Hazelrigg, S. R., McGee, M. J., and Cetindag, I. B. (1998) Video-assisted thoracic surgery of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest Surg. Clin. North Am. 8, 763–774.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. McKenna, R. J. (1998) The current status of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy. Chest Surg. Clin. North Am. 8, 775–785.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Ginsberg, R. J. (1998) The current status of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy: commentary. Chest Surg. Clin. North Am. 8, 787–788.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Jones, D. R. and Detterbeck, F. C. (2001) Surgery for stage I non-small cell lung cancer, in Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer (Detterbeck, F. C., Rivera, M. P., Socinski, M. A., and Rosenman, J. G., eds.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 177–190.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Kaseda, S., Hangai, N., and Yamamoto, S., et al. (1997) Lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer. Surg. Endosc. 11, 703–706.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Iwasaki, M., Nishiumi, N., and Maitani, F., et al. (1996) Thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer using the two small skin incisional method. Two windows method. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino) 37, 79–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Abhoda, A. and Keller, S. M. (2001) Surgical staging of the mediastinum, in Lung Cancer Principles and Practice (Pass, H. I., Mitchell, J. B., Turrisi, A. T., and Minna, J. D., eds.), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 628–646.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Gosset, P., Toledo, L., Fritsch, S., et al. (1996) Mediastinoscopy vs thoracoscopy for mediastinal biopsy. Results of a prospective non-randomized study. Chest 110, 1328–1331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Robbins, S. L. (1957) Textbook of Pathology. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Sobin, L. H. and Yesner, R. (1981) International histological classification of tumors, in Histological Typing of Tumors, 2nd ed., World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Travis, W. D., Colby, T. V., Corrin, B., et al. (1999) Histological Typing of Lung and Pleural Tumors, 3rd ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 22–23.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  88. Denoix, P. F. (1946) Enquete permanent dans les centres and anticanereux. Bull. Insit. Nat. Hyg. 1, 70–75.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Mountain, C. F., Carr, D. T., and Anderson, W. A. D. (1974) A system for the clinical staging of lung cancer. Am. J. Roentgen. Radiother. Nucl. Med. 120, 130–138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Mountain, C. F. (1997) Revisions in the international system for staging lung cancer. Chest 111, 1710–1717.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Mountain, C. F. and Dresler, C. M. (1997) Regional lymph node classification for lung cancer staging. Chest 111, 1718–1723.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Warram, J. (A Collaborative Study) (1975) Preoperative irradiation of cancer of the lung: final report of a therapeutic trial. Cancer 36, 914–925.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Holmes, E. C. (1989) Surgical adjuvant therapy of non-small cell lung cancer, in Thoracic Oncology (Roth, J. A., Rucksdeschel, J. C., and Weisenburger, J. C., eds.), W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, p. 220.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cooperative Group (1995) Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a metaanalysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomized clinical trials. BMJ 311, 899–909.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Pisters, K. M. W. (2000) Surgery and chemotherapy, in Lung Cancer Principles and Practice (Pass, H. I., Mitchell, J. B., Johnson, D. H., Turrisi, A. T., and Minna, J. D., eds.), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia PA, pp. 769–777.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Johnson, D. H., Turrisi, A., and Pass, H. I. (1996) Combined modality treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, in Lung Cancer Principles and Practice (Pass, H. I., Mitchell, J. B., Johnson, D. H., et al., eds.), Lippincott Raven, Philadelphia, PA, p. 869.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Pass, H. I., Pogrebniack, H. W., Steinberg, S. M., et al. (1992) Randomized trial of neoadjuvant therapy for lung cancer. Interim analysis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 53, 992–998.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Rossell, R., Gomez-Codina, J., Camps, C., et al. (1999) Presectional chemotherapy in stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer: a 7-year assessment of a randomized clinical trial. Cancer 26, 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Roth, J. A., Fossela, F., Komaki, et al. (1998) Long-term follow-up of patients enrolled in a randomized trial comparing perioperative chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone in resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 21, 1–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Albain, K. S. and Pass, H. I. (2000) Induction therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, in Lung Cancer Principles and Practice (Pass, H. I., Mitchell, J. B., Johnson, D. H., Turrisi, A. T., and Minna, J. D., eds.), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 798–820.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Perry, M. C., DesLauriers, J., Albain, K. S., et al. (1997) Induction treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer: a consensus report. Lung Cancer 17(Suppl. 1), S15–S18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. DePierre, A., Milleron, B., Moro, D., et al. (1999) Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable stage I (except T1N0), II, IIIa non-small cell lung cancer: the French experience. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 18, 46, 5a.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Ginsberg, R. J. and Port, J. L. (2000) Surgical therapy of stage I and non-T3 NO stage II non-small cell lung cancer, in Lung Cancer Principles and Practice (Pass, H. I., Mitchell, J. B., Johnson, D. H., Turrisi, A. T., and Minna, J. D., eds.), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia PA, pp. 682–693.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Satova, R. M. (1998) Cybersurgery A new vision for General Surgery, in Cyber-surgery. Technologies for Surgical Practice (Satova, R. M., ed.), Wiley-Liss, New York, NY, pp. 3–14.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Dewey, T. M. and Mack, M. J. (2000) Lung cancer. Surgical approaches and incisions. Chest Surg. Clin. North Am. 10, 803–820.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Mack, M. J. Minimally invasive and robotic surgery. JAMA 285, 568–572.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Satava, R. M. CDR Jones, S. B. (1998) Human interface technology, in Cyber-surgery. Technologies for Surgical Practice (Satava, R. M., ed.), Wiley-Liss, New York, NY, pp. 17–32.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Bren, L. (2000) Robots help surgeons perform more precise surgery. FDA Consumer 34, 12–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA

    Clifton F. Mountain

  2. Clifton F. Mountain Foundation, Houston, TX

    Kay E. Hermes

Authors
  1. Clifton F. Mountain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kay E. Hermes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Children#x2019;s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA

    Barbara Driscoll phd

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Mountain, C.F., Hermes, K.E. (2003). Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer. In: Driscoll, B. (eds) Lung Cancer. Methods in Molecular Medicine™, vol 75. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-324-0:453

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-324-0:453

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-920-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-324-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation