Abstract
Many different types of Escherichia coli are known to cause gastrointestinal disease, including enteroaggregative, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, and enteroinvasive E. coli. However, none cause the severe morbidity that is sometimes seen in patients infected with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Although the majority of STEC infected patients have non-life-threatening diarrhea, STEC infection can result in serious gastrointestinal and systemic complications such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) (1). STEC produces a potent toxin that is biochemically, biologically, and genetically very similar to the Shiga toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Shiga toxins are considered to be the principal virulence factors involved in the systemic complications that follow STEC infection; however, the precise mechanisms by which Shiga toxins cause such disorders remain unclear.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Paton J. C. and Paton A. W. (1998) Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Shiga toxinproducing E. coli infections. Clin. Microsc. Rev. 11, 450ā479.
Acheson D. W. K. and Keusch G. T. (1999) The family of Shiga toxins, in The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (Alouf S. E. and Freer J. H., eds.), Academic, London, 229ā242.
Jacewicz M., Feldman H. A., Donohue-Rolfe A., Balasubramanian K. A., and Keusch G. T. (1989) Pathogenesis of Shigella diarrhea. XIV. Analysis of Shiga toxin receptors on cloned HeLa cells. J. Infect. Dis. 159, 881ā889.
Endo Y., Tsurugi K., Yatsudo T., Takeda Y., Ogasawara T., and Igarashi K. (1988) Site of action of a verotoxin (VT2) from E. coli O157:H7 and of Shiga toxin on eukaryotic ribosomes: RNA N-glycosidase activity of the toxin. Eur. J. Biochem. 171, 45ā50.
Iordanov M., Pribnow M. D., Magun J. L., Dinh T.-H., Pearson J. A., Chen S. L-Y., et al. (1997) Ribotoxic stress response: activation of the stress-activated protein kinase JNK1 by inhibitors of the peptidyl transferase reaction and by sequence-specific damage to the Ī±-sarcin loop in the 28S rRNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 3373ā3381.
Thorpe C. M., Hurley B. P., Lincicome L. L., Jacewicz M. S., Keusch G. T., and Acheson D. W. K. (1999) Shiga toxins stimulate secretion of interleukin-8 from intestinal epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 67, 5985ā5993.
Van Beers E. H., Al R. H., Rings E. H., Einerhand A. W., Dekker J., and Buller H. A. (1995) Lactase and sucrase-isomaltase gene expression during Caco-2 cell differentiation. Biochem. J. 308, 769ā775.
Parkos C. A., Delp C., Arnaout M. A., and Madara J. L. (1991) Neutrophil migration across a cultured intestinal epithelium. Dependence on a CD11b/CD18 mediated event and enhanced efficiency in a physiological direction. J. Clin. Invest. 88, 1605ā1612.
Keusch G. T., Donohue-Rolfe A., Jacewicz M., and Kane A. V. (1988) Shiga toxin: production and purification. Methods Enzymol. 165, 152ā162, 399-401.
Donahue-Rolfe A., Acheson D. W. K., Kane A. V., and Keusch G. T. (1989) Purification of Shiga and Shiga-like toxins I and II by receptor analog affinity chromatography with immobilized P1 glycoprotein and the production of crossreactive monoclonal antibodies. Infect. Immun. 57, 3888ā3893.
Acheson D. W. K., Jacewicz M., Kane A. V., Donahue-Rolfe A., and Keusch G. T. (1993) One step high yield purification of Shiga like toxin II variants and quantitation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Microb. Pathogen. 14, 57ā66.
Hurley B. P., Jacewicz M., Thorpe C. M., Lincicome L. L., King A. J., Keusch G. T., et al. (1999) Shiga toxins 1 and 2 translocate differently across polarized intestinal epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 67, 6670ā6677.
Madara J. L. and Dharmsathaphorn K. (1985) Occluding junction structure-function relationships in a cultured epithelial monolayer. J. Cell Biol. 101, 2124ā2133.
Madara J. L. (1998) Regulation of the movement of solutes across tight junctions. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60, 143ā159.
Hurley B. P., Thorpe C. M., and Acheson D. W. K. (2001) Shiga toxin translocation across intestinal epithelial cells is enhanced by neutrophil transmigration. Infect. Immun. 69, 6148ā6155.
Acheson D. W. K., Moore R., De Bruecker S., Lincicome L. L., Jacewicz M., Skutelsky E., et al. (1996) Translocation of Shiga toxin across polarized intestinal cells in tissue culture. Infect. Immun. 64, 3294ā3300.
Philpott D. J., Ackerley C. A., Kiliaan A. J., Karmali M. A., Perdue M. H., and Sherman P. M. (1997) Translocation of verotoxin-1 across T-84 monolayers: mechanism of bacterial toxin penetration of epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 273, G1349āG1358.
Jacewicz M. S., Acheson D. W. K., Mobassaleh M., Donahue-Rolfe A., Balasubramanian K. A., and Keusch G. T. (1995) Maturational regulation of globotriaosylceramide, the Shiga-like toxin I receptor, in cultured human gut epithelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 96, 1328ā1335.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2003 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Thorpe, C.M., Hurley, B.P., Acheson, D.W.K. (2003). Shiga Toxin Interactions with the Intestinal Epithelium. In: Philpott, D., Ebel, F. (eds) E. coli. Methods in Molecular Medicineā¢, vol 73. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-316-X:263
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-316-X:263
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-939-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-316-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols