Abstract
Treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has historically involved surgical removal of the primary tumor when localized, but when presented with metastatic disease the options have been limited. Approximately 30% of patients present with metastatic disease implicating a generally poor prognosis. The most significant advances have occurred in the area of immunotherapy as treatment for metastatic disease. This is because RCC is generally resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. One of the major successes of immunotherapy has been with interleukin-2 (IL-2). Initial IL-2 therapy proved difficult due to the significant administrative and side effect problems that occurred. This led to numerous variations in dose scheduling and delivery to identify an optimal beneficial way of administering IL-2. In addition, investigation also led to other immunotherapy agents such as interferon and cellular therapy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Figlin, R. A., Pierce, W. C., Kaboo, R., Tso, C. L., Moldawer, N., Gitlitz, B., deKernion, J., and Belldegrun, A. (1997) Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with nephrectomy, interleukin-2 and cytokine-primed or CD8(+) selected tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from primary tumor. J. Urol.158, 740–745.
Steger, G. G., Pierce, W. C., Figlin, R., Czernin, J., Kaboo, R., deKernion, J. B., Okarma, T., and Belldegrun, A. (1994) Patterns of cytokine release of unselected and CD28+ selected renal cell carcinoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Immunol. Immunopathol.72, 237–247.
Fidler, I. J. and Schroit, A. J. (1998) Recognition and destruction of neoplastic cells by activated macrophages: discrimination of altered self. Biochem. Biophys. Acta948, 151.
Schwartzentruber, D. J., Hom, S. S., Dadmarz, R., White, D. E., Yanelli, J. R., Steinberg, S. M., Rosenberg, S. A., and Topalian, S. L. (1994) In vitro predictors of therapeutic response in melanoma patients receiving tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2. J. Clin. Oncol.12, 1475–1483.
Masucci, G., Ragnhammar, P., Wersall, P., and Mellstedt, H. (1990) Granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor augments the interleukin-2-induced cytotoxic activity of human lymphocytes in the absence and prescence of mouse or chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAb 17-1A). Cancer Immunol. Immunother.31, 231–235.
Steger, G. G., Kaboo, R., deKernion, J. B., Figlin, R., and Belldegrun, A. (1995) The effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on tumor-infiltrating lyphocytes from renal cell carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer72, 101–107.
Kohase, M., Henriksen-DeStefano, D., May, L. T., Vilcek, J., and Sehgal, P. B. (1986) Induction of B2-interferon by tumor necrosis factor: a homeostatic mechanism in the control of cell proliferation. Cell45, 659–666.
Lee, T. Y., Koo, A. S., Peyret, C., Shimabukuro, T., deKernion, J. B., and Belldegrun, A. (1991) The effects of Interleukin-6 on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes derived from human renal cell cancer. J. Urol.145, 663–667.
Koo, A. S., Armstrong, C., Bochner, B., Shimabukuro, S., Tso, C. L., deKernion, J. B., and Belldegrun, A. (1992) Interleukin-6 and renal cell cancer: production, regulation, and growth effects. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.35, 97–105.
Hamburger, A. W. and Salmon, S. E. (1977) Primary bioassay of human tumor stem cells. Science197, 461–463.
Figlin, R. A., Beldegrun, A., Moldawer, N., Zefferen, J., and deKernion, J. B. (1992) Concomitant administration of recombinant human interleukin-2 and recombinant interferon alpha-2A: an active outpatient regimen in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol.10, 414–421.
Belldegrun, A., Cho-Lea, T., Sakata, T., Duckett, T., Branda, M. J., Barsky, S. H., Chai, J., Kaboo, R., Lavey, R. S., McBride, W. H., and deKernion, J. B. (1993) Human renal carcinoma line transfected with interleukin-2 nad/or interferon-alpha gene(s): implication for live cancer vaccines. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.85, 207–216.
Hathorn, R. W., Cho-Lea, T., Kaboo, R., Pang, S., Figlin, R., Sawyers, C., deKernion, J. B., and Belldegrun, A. (1994) In vitro modulation of the invasive and metastatic potentials of human renal cell carcinoma by interleukin-2 and/or interferon-alpha gene transfer. Cancer74, 1904–1911.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Patel, B., Belldegrun, A. (2001). Interferon Alpha, GM-CSF-Activated T Cells, and IL-6 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. In: Mydlo, J.H. (eds) Renal Cancer. Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol 53. Humana, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-144-2:301
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-144-2:301
Publisher Name: Humana, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-828-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-144-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols