Skip to main content

Pathological Assessment of Ovarian Cancer

  • Protocol
Ovarian Cancer

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Medicineā„¢ ((MIMM,volume 39))

  • 952 Accesses

Abstract

Ovarian neoplasms are notoriously heterogeneous-the World Health Organization classification (1) includes 46 different epithelial tumor types, 24 sex cord stromal types, 29 germ cell types, and 13 other categories, not including 17 other tumor-like conditions (Table 1). Many of these lesions are very rare, but there is tremendous variation in the biological behavior of different tumor types, and it is very important that histopathological assessment is performed accurately. This is not only crucial to the patient, whose treatment depends on it, but also in investigative work on ovarian cancer. Uniform terminology must be used to allow comparisons between different studies and any research that involves analysis of the biological or clinical features of ovarian tumors must include expert histopathological review of cases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Scully, R. E., Fox, H., Russell, P., et al. International Histological Classification of Ovaria Tumors. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany (in press).

    Google ScholarĀ 

  2. Yancik, R. (1993) Ovarian cancer:age contrasts in incidence, histology, disease stage at diagnosis, and mortality. Cancer 71, 517ā€“523.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  3. Auersperg, N., Maines-Bandiera, S. L., and Kruk, P. A. (1995) Human ovarian surface epithelium: growth patterns and differentiation, in Ovarian Cancer 3, (Sharp, F., Mason, P., Blackett, T., and Berek, J., eds.), Chapman & Hall Medical, London, U.K., pp. 157ā€“170.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  4. Salazar, H., Godwin, A. K., Getts, L. A., Testa, J. R., Daly, M., Rosenblum, N., et al. Spontaneous transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium and the biology of ovarian cancer, in Ovarian Cancer 3 (Sharp, F., Mason, P., Blackett, T., and Berek, J., eds.), Chapman & Hall Medical, London, U.K., pp. 145ā€“156.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  5. Auersperg, N., Maines-Bandiera, S. L., Dyck, H. G., and Kruk, P. A. (1994) Characterisation of cultured human ovarian surface epithelial cells: phenotypic plasticity and premalignant changes. Lab. Invest. 71, 510ā€“518.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  6. Tsao, S. W., Mok, S. C., Fey, E. G., Fletcher, J. A., Wan, T. S., Chew, E. C., et al. Characterisation of human ovarian surface epithelial cells immortalised by human papilloma virus oncogenes (HPV-E6E7 ORFs). Exp. Cell Res. 218, 499ā€“507.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  7. Kruk, P. A., Uitto, V. J., Firth, J. D., Dedhar, S., and Auersperg, N. (1994) Reciprocal interactions between human ovarian surface epithelial cells and adjacent extracellular matrix. Exp. Cell Res. 215, 97ā€“108.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  8. Kruk, P. A. and Auersperg, N. (1992) Human ovarian surface epithelial cells are capable of physically restructuring extracellular matrix. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 167, 1437ā€“1443.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  9. Berchuck, A., Rodriguez, G. C., Kamel, A., Dodge, R. K., Soper, J. T., Clarke-Pearson, D. L., and Bast, R. C. (1991) Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal ovarian epithelium and ovarian cancer I. Correlation of receptor expression with prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Amer. J Obstet. Gynecol. 164, 669ā€“674.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  10. Wang, D. P., Konishi, I., Koshiyama, M., Nanbu, Y., Iwai, T., Nonogaki, H., et al. (1992) Immuno-histochemical localisation of c-erb-B2 protein and epidermal growth factor receptor in normal surface epithelium, surface inclusion cysts, and common epithelial tumors of the ovary. Virchows Archiv. A 421, 393ā€“400.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  11. Berchuck, A., Rodriguez, G., Olt, G., Whitaker, R., Boente, M. P., Arrick, B. A., et al. (1992) Regulation of growth of normal ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cell lines by transforming growth factor beta. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 166, 676ā€“684.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  12. Havrilesky, L. J., Hurteau, J. A., Whitaker, R. S., Elbendary, A., Wu, S., Rodriguez, G. C., et al. (1995) Regulation of apoptosis in normal and malignant ovarian epithelial cells by transforming growth factor beta. Cancer Res. 55, 944ā€“948.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  13. Jindal, S. K., Snoey, D. M., Lobb, D. K., and Dorrington, J. H. (1994) Transforming growth factor alpha localisation and role in surface epithelium of normal human ovaries and in ovarian carcinoma cells. Gynecol. Oncol. 53, 17ā€“23.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  14. Boente, M. P., Berchuck, A., Rodriguez, G. C., Davidoff, A., Whitaker, R., Xu, F. J., et al. (1992) The effect of interferon gamma on epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal and malignant ovarian epithelial cells. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 167, 1877ā€“1882.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  15. Lidor, Y. J., Xu, F. J., Martinez-Maza, O., Olt, G. J., Marks, J. R., Berchuck, A., et al. (1993) Constitutive production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 by human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Exp. Cell Res. 207, 332ā€“339.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  16. Pejovic, T. (1995) Genetic changes in ovarian cancer. Ann. Med. 27, 73ā€“78.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  17. Muto, M. G., Welch, W. R., Mok, S. C., Bandera, C. A., Fishbaugh, P. M., Tsao, S. W., et al. (1995). Evidence for a multifocal origin of papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. Cancer Res. 55, 490ā€“492.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  18. Buller, R. E. Skilling, J. S., Sood, A. K., Plaxe, S., Baergen, R. N., and Lager, D. J. (1998) Field cancer-ization: why late ā€œrecurrentā€ ovarian cancer is not recurrent. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 178, 641ā€“649.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  19. Provencher, D. M., Lounis, H., Fink, D., Drouin, P., and Mes-Masson, A. M. (1997) Discordance in p53 mutations when comparing ascites and solid tumors from patients with serous ovarian cancer. Tumor Biol. 18, 167ā€“174.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  20. Brescia, R. J., Barakat, R. A., Beller, U., Frederickson, G., Suhrland, M. J., et al. (1990) The prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content in malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary. Cancer 65, 141ā€“147.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  21. Friedlander, M. L., Hedley, D. H., Taylor, I., Russell, P., and Tattersall, M. H. N. (1984) Influence of cellular DNA content on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 44, 397ā€“400.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  22. Kaern, J., Trope, C. G., Abeler, V., and Petterson, E. O. (1995) Cellular DNA content: the most important prognostic factor in patients with borderline tumors of the ovary. Can it prevent overtreatment? in Ovarian Cancer 3 (Sharp, F., Mason, P., Blackett, T., and Berek, J., eds.), Chapman and Hall, London, U.K., pp. 181ā€“188.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  23. Foulkes, W. D. and Trowsdale, J. (1995) Isolating tumor suppressor genes relevant to ovarian carcinoma-the role of loss of heterozygosity, in Ovarian Cancer 3 (Sharp, F., Mason, P., Blackett, T., and Berek, J., eds.), Chapman and Hall, London, U.K., pp. 23ā€“38.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  24. Sato, T., Saito, H., Morita, R., Koi, S., Lee, J. H., and Nakamura, Y. (1991) Allelotype of human ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 51, 5118ā€“5122.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  25. Yang-Feng, T. L., Han, H., Chen, K-C., Li, S., Claus, E., Carcangui, M. L., et al. (1993) Allelic loss in ovarian cancer. Int. J. Cancer 54, 546ā€“551.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  26. Steel, C. M., Cohen, B. B., Lessels, A., Williams, A. R. W., and Gabra, H. (1997). Other gene aberrations in ovarian cancer, in Ovarian Cancer 4, (Sharp, F., Mason, P., Blackett, T., and Berek, J., eds.), Chapman and Hall, London, U.K.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  27. Obata, K., Morland, S. J. Watson, R. H., Hitchcock, A., Chenevix-Trench, G., Thomas, E. J., et al. (1998) Frequent PTEN/MMAC mutations in endometrioid but not serous or mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors. Cancer Res. 58, 2095ā€“2097.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  28. Skilling, J. S., Sood, A., Niemann, T., Lager, D. J., and Buller, R. E. (1996) An abundance of p53 null mutations in ovarian carcinoma. Oncogene 13, 117ā€“123.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  29. Kounelis, S., Jones, M. W., Papadaki, H., Bakker, A., Swalsky, P., and Finkelstein, S. D. (1998) Carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed mullerian tumors) of the female genital tract: comparative molecular analysis of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Human Pathol. 29, 82ā€“87.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  30. Abeln, E. C., Smit, V. T., Wessels, J. W., de Leeuw, W. J., Cornelisse, C. J., and Fleuren, G. J. (1997) Molecular genetic evidence for the conversion hypothesis of the origin of malignant mixed mĆ¼llerian tumors. J. Pathol. 183, 424ā€“431.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  31. Skomedal, H., Kristensen, G. B., Abeler, V. M., Borresen-Dale, A. L., Trope, C., and Holm, R. (1997) TP53 protein accumulation and gene mutation in relation to overexpression of MDM2 protein in ovarian borderline tumors and stage I carcinomas. J. Pathol. 181, 158ā€“165.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  32. Zheng, J., Benedict, W. F., Xu, S. X., Kim, T. M., Velicescu, M., Wan, M., et al. (1995) Genetic disparity between morphologically benign cysts contiguous to ovarian carcinomas and solitary cystadenomas. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 87, 1146ā€“1153.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  33. Lukas, J., Groshen, S., Saffari, B., Niu, N., Reles, A., Wen, W. H., et al. (1997) WAF1/Cip1 gene polymorphism and expression in carcinomas of the breast, ovary, and endometrium. Amer. J. Pathol. 150, 167ā€“175.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  34. Werness, B. A., Jobe, J. S., DiCioccio, R. A., and Piver, M. S. (1997) Expression of the p53 induced tumor suppressor p21waf1/cip1 in ovarian carcinomas: correlation with p53 and Ki-67 immunohis-tochemistry. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 16, 149ā€“155.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  35. Milner, B. J., Hosking, L., Sun, S., Haites, N. E., and Foulkes, W. D. (1996) Polymorphisms in p21CIP1/WAF1 are not correlated with Tp53 status in sporadic ovarian tumors. Eur. J. Cancer 32A, 2360ā€“2363.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  36. Shih, Y. C., Kerr, J., Hurst, T. G., Khoo, S. K., Ward, B. G., and Chevenix-Trench, G. (1998) No evidence for microsatellite instability from allelotype analysis of benign and low malignant potential ovarian neoplasms. Gynecol. Oncol. 69, 210ā€“213.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  37. Holt, J. T. (1997) Breast cancer genes: therapeutic strategies. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 833, 34ā€“41.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  38. Rubin, S. C., Benjamin, I., Behbakht, K., Takahashi, H., Morgan, M. A., LiVolsi, V. A., et al. (1996) Clinical and pathological features of ovarian cancer in women with germ-line mutations of BRCA1. New England J. Med. 335, 1413ā€“1416.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  39. Tangir, J., Muto, M. G., Berkowitz, R. S., Welch, W. R., Bell, D. A., and Mok, S. C. (1996) A 400 kb novel deletion unit centromeric to the BRCA1 gene in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncogene 12, 735ā€“740.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  40. Scully, R. E., Bell, D. A., and Abu-Jawdeh, G. M. (1995) Update on early ovarian cancer and cancer developing in benign ovarian tumors, in Ovarian Cancer 3 (Sharp, F., Mason, P., Blackett, T., and Berek, J., eds.), Chapman & Hall Medical, London, U.K., pp. 139ā€“144.

    Google ScholarĀ 

  41. Bell, D. A. and Scully, R. E. (1994) Early de novo ovarian carcinoma: a study of 14 cases. Cancer 73, 1859ā€“1864.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  42. Park, T. W., Felix, J. C., and Wright, T. C. (1995) X chromosome inactivation and micros atellite instability in early and advanced bilateral ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Res. 55, 4793ā€“4796.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  43. Hutson, R., Ramsdale, J., and Wells, M. (1995) P53 protein expression in putative precursor lesions of epithelial ovarian cancer. Histopathol. 27, 367ā€“371.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  44. La Grenade, A. and Silverberg, S. G. (1988) Ovarian tumors associated with atypical endometriosis. Human Pathol. 19, 1080ā€“1084.

    ArticleĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  45. Sainz de la Cuesta, R., Eichhorn, J. H., Rice, L. W., Fuller, A. F., Nikrui, N., and Goff, B. A. (1996) Histologic transformation of benign endometriosis to early epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 60, 238ā€“244.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  46. Mostoufizadeh, M. and Scully, R. E. (1980) Malignant tumors arising in endometriosis. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 23, 951ā€“963.

    ArticleĀ  CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  47. Gucer, F., Pieber, D., and Arikan, M. G. (1998) Malignancy arising in extraovarian endometriosis during estrogen stimulation. Eur. J. Gynecol. Oncol. 19, 39ā€“41.

    CASĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

  48. Jiang, X., Morland, S. J., Hitchcock, A., Thomas, E. J., and Campbell, I. G. (1998) Allelotyping of endometriosis with adjacent ovarian carcinoma reveals evidence of a common lineage. Cancer Res. 58, 1707ā€“1712.

    CASĀ  PubMedĀ  Google ScholarĀ 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

Ā© 2000 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Williams, A.R.W. (2000). Pathological Assessment of Ovarian Cancer. In: Bartlett, J.M.S. (eds) Ovarian Cancer. Methods in Molecular Medicineā„¢, vol 39. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-071-3:49

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-071-3:49

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-583-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-071-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics