Abstract
Recent studies have determined that a variety of protein tyrosine kinases can be activated by the exposure of cells to oxidative stress (1–3). The stress may arise from chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide, as well as from irradiation with ultraviolet or ionizing radiation. Oxidative stress can activate tyrosine phosphorylation signaling pathways normally regulated by cell-surface receptors. Because tyrosine kinases are frequently the proximal signaling enzyme to cell-surface receptors, their activation by stress can lead to activation of signal cascades, including the activation of serine/threonine kinases (4). However, because this activation occurs in the absence of a natural ligand, oxidative stress is capable of activating the receptor signal pathways outside of normal receptor control. This process has been extensively characterized in lymphocytes, where oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide or ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been found to activate tyrosine kinases associated with the antigen receptor in T- and B-cells, giving rise to signaling patterns similar to those induced by direct antigen-receptor stimulation (5–8).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Schieven G. L. and Ledbetter J. A. (1994) Activation of tyrosine kinase signal pathways by radiation and oxidative stress. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 5, 383–388.
Schieven G. L. (1998) Activation of lymphocyte signal pathways by oxidative stress: role of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, in Oxidative Stress in Cancer, AIDS, andNeurodegenerative Diseases (Montagnier L., Olivier R., and Pasquier C., eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 35–44.
Schieven G. L. (1997) Tyrosine phosphorylation in oxidative stress, in Oxidative Stress and Signal Transduction (Forman H. J. and Cadenas E., eds.), Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 181–199.
Uckun F. M., Schieven G. L., Tuel-Ahlgren L. M., Dibirdik I., Myers D. E., Ledbetter J. A., and Song C. W. (1993) Tyrosine phosphorylation is a mandatory proximal step in radiation-induced activation of the protein kinase C signaling pathway in human B-lymphocyte precursors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 252–256.
Schieven G. L., Kirihara J. M., Myers D. E., Ledbetter J. A., and Uckun F. M. (1993) Reactive oxygen intermediates activate NF-KB in a tyrosine kinase dependent mechanism and in combination with vanadate activate the p56lck and p59fyn tyrosine kinases in human lymphocytes. Blood 82, 1212–1220.
Schieven G. L., Kirihara J. M., Burg D. L., Geahlen R. L., and Ledbetter J. A. (1993) p72syk tyrosine kinase is activated by oxidizing conditions which induce lymphocyte tyrosine phosphorylation and Ca2+ signals. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 16,688–16,692.
Schieven G. L., Kirihara J. M., Gilliland L. K., Uckun F. M., and Ledbetter J. A. (1993) Ultraviolet radiation rapidly induces tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium signaling in lymphocytes. Molec. Biol. Cell 4, 523–530.
Schieven G. L., Mittler R. S., Nadler S. G., Kirihara J. M., Bolen J. B., Kanner S. B., and Ledbetter J. A. (1994) ZAP-70 tyrosine kinases, CD45 and T cell receptor involvement in UV and H2O2 induced T cell signal transduction. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 20,718–20,726.
Ullrich A. and Schlessinger J. (1990) Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Cell 61, 203–212.
Pawson T. (1995) Protein modules and signaling networks. Nature 373, 573–579.
Chow L. M. L. and Veillette A. (1995) The Src and Csk families of tyrosine protein kinases in hemopoietic cells. Sem. Immunol. 7, 207–226.
Bolen J. B., Rowley R. B., Spana C., and Tsygankov A. Y. (1992) The src family of protein kinases in hemopoietic signal transduction. FASEB J. 6, 3403–3409.
Weiss A. and Littman D. R. (1994) Signal transduction by lymphocyte antigen receptors. Cell 76, 263–274.
Li Z., Wahl M. I., Eguinoa A., Stephens L. R., Hawkins P. T., and Witte O. N. (1997) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-gamma activates Bruton§ tyrosine kinase in concert with Src family kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 13,820–13,825.
Kypta R. M., Goldberg Y., Ulug E. T., and Courtneidge S. A. (1990) Association between the PDGF receptor and members of the src family of tyrosine kinases. Cell 62, 481–492.
Twamley-Sein G. M., Pepperkok R., Ansorge W., and Courtneidge S. A. (1993) The Src family tyrosine kinases are required for platelet-derived growth factor-mediated signal transduction in NIH 3T3 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 7696–7700.
Devary Y., Gottlieb R. A., Smeal T., and Karin M. (1992) The mammalian ultraviolet response is triggered by activation of src tyrosine kinases. Cell 71, 1081–1091.
Rosette C. and Karin M. (1996) Ultraviolet light and osmotic stress: activation of the JNK cascade through multiple growth factor and cytokine receptors. Science 274, 1194–1197.
Uckun F. M., Tuel-Ahlgren L., Song C. W., Waddick K., Myers D. E., Kirihara J., Ledbetter J. A., and Schieven G. L. (1992) Ionizing radiation stimulates unidentified tyrosine-specific protein kinases in human B-lymphocyte precursors triggering apoptosis and clonogenic cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 9005–9009.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Schieven, G.L. (2000). Detection and Activation of Stress-Responsive Tyrosine Kinases. In: Walker, J.M., Keyse, S.M. (eds) Stress Response. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 99. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-054-3:75
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-054-3:75
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-611-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-054-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols