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Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Protocols pp 13–27Cite as

Measurements of Active TGFβ Generated by Culture Cells

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 142))

Abstract

The transforming growth factors-β (TGF-βs) constitute a family of potent regulators of cellular differentiation, proliferation, migration, and protein expression (1,2). Three isoforms of TGF-β have been described in mammals: TGF-β1, 2, and 3 (3–5). Most cell lines and tissues secrete TGF-β as a large latent complex formed by three components: TGF-β, LAP (latency-associated protein), and LTBP (latent TGF-β binding proteins). TGF-β is noncovalently associated to its prodomain LAP (6–8), and LAP is disulfide-bonded to LTBP (9). Four LTBPs (LTBP-1, 2, 3, and 4) have been described (10–14). Mature TGF-β must be released from the complex to bind to its high-affinity receptor and elicit its biological functions (15). This process, called TGF-β activation, appears to be a critical step in the control of TGF-β activity (16). An additional regulatory step involved in the activation process is the LTBP-mediated incorporation of latent TGF-β into the extracellular matrix (2). Activation of latent TGF-β has been described in various cell systems (17–19). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in extracellular TGF-β activation are not fully understood. It also remains to be elucidated whether latent TGF-β incorporation into the extracellular matrix regulates TGF-β activation in a positive or negative manner (2).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY

    Roberta Mazzieri, John S. Munger & Daniel B. Rifkin

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  1. Roberta Mazzieri
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  2. John S. Munger
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  3. Daniel B. Rifkin
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH

    Philip H. Howe

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© 2000 Humana Press Inc.

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Mazzieri, R., Munger, J.S., Rifkin, D.B. (2000). Measurements of Active TGFβ Generated by Culture Cells. In: Howe, P.H. (eds) Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 142. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-053-5:13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-053-5:13

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-646-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-053-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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