Skip to main content

Detection of Focal Proteolysis Using Texas-Red-Gelatin

  • Protocol
Matrix Metalloproteinase Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 151))

  • 813 Accesses

Abstract

How do cells degrade their surrounding matrix? Constitutive and induced cellular secretion of several classes of proteinases have been implicated in extracellular degradation (1) and many of these proteinases have the ability to degrade extracellular matrix proteins in vitro. However, clear evidence of focal matrix degradation adjacent to cells in which enzyme synthesis occurs is sparse. In this chapter we describe a method we have developed that allows unambiguous detection of focal extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation below cells, although at the same time localizing cellular expression of enzyme: we illustrate the use of this method to demonstrate focal proteolysis by cells overexpressing the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) on the cell surface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Murphy G. and Reynolds J. J. (1993) Extracellular matrix degradation, in Connective Tissue and its Heritable Disorders (Royce P. M. and Steinmann B., eds.), Wiley-Liss, Inc, New York, pp. 287–316.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Sato H., Takino T., Okada Y., Cao J., Shinagawa A., Yamamoto E., and Seiki M. (1994) A matrix metalloproteinase expressed on the surface of invasive tumour cells. Nature 370, 61–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Strongin A. Y., Collier I., Bannikov G., Marmer B. L., Grant G. A., and Goldberg G. I. (1995) Mechanism of cell surface activation of 72-kDa type IV collagenase. Isolation of the activated form of the membrane metalloprotease. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 5331–5338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Atkinson S. J., Crabbe T., Cowell S., Ward R. V., Butler M. J., Sato H., Seiki M., Reynolds J. J., and Murphy G. (1995) Intermolecular autolytic cleavage can contribute to the activation of progelatinase A by cell membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 30,479–30,485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Butler G. S., Butler M. J., Atkinson S. J., Will H., Tamura T., Van Westrum S. S., Crabbe T., Clements J., D’Ortho M. P., and Murphy G. (1998) The TIMP2 membrane type 1 metalloproteinase “receptor” regulates the concentration and efficient activation of progelatinase A. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 871–880.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Imai K., Ohuchi E., Aoki T., Nomura H., Fujii Y., Sato H., Seiki M., and Okada Y. (1996) Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 is a gelatinolytic enzyme and is secreted in a complex with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2. Cancer Res. 56, 2707–2710.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pei D. Q. and Weiss S. J. (1996) Transmembrane-deletion mutants of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 process progelatinase A and express intrinsic matrix-degrading activity. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9135–9140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ohuchi E., Imai K., Fujii Y., Sato H., Seiki M., and Okada Y. (1997) Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase digests interstitial collagens and other extracellular matrix macromolecules. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2446–2451.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D’Ortho M.-P., Will H., Atkinson S., Butler G. S., Messant A., Gavrilovic J., Smith B., Timpl R., Zardi L., and Murphy G. (1997) Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 exhibit broad-spectrum proteolytic capacities comparable to many matrix metalloproteinases. Eur. J. Biochem. 250, 751–757.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. D’Ortho M.-P., Stanton H., Butler M., Atkinson S. J., Murphy G., and Hembry R. M. (1998) MT1-MMP on the cell surface causes focal degradation of gelatin films. FEBSLett. 421, 159–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nakahara H., Howard L., Thompson E. W., Sato H., Seiki M., Yeh Y. Y., and Chen W. T. (1997) Transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain-mediated membrane type 1-matrix metalloprotease docking to invadopodia is required for cell invasion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 7959–7964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pilcher B. K., Dumin J. A., Sudbeck B. D., Krane S. M., Welgus H. G., and Parks W. C. (1997) The activity of collagenase-1 is required for keratinocyte migration on a type I collagen matrix. J. Cell Biol. 137, 1445–1457.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Palecek S. P., Schmidt C. E., Lauffenburger D. A., and Horwitz A. F. (1996) Integrin dynamics on the tail region of migrating fibroblasts. J. Cell Sci. 109, 941–952.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Owen C. A. and Campbell E. J. (1995) Neutrophil proteinases and matrix degradation. The cell biology of pericellular proteolysis. Seminars in Cell Biology 6, 367–376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Albrecht-Buehler G. (1977) The phagokinetic tracks of 3T3 cells. Cell 11, 395–404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen D. and Okayama H. (1987) High efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7, 2745–2752.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hembry R. M., Murphy G., and Reynolds J. J. (1985) Immunolocalization of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in human cells. Characterization and use of a specific antiserum. J. Cell Sci. 73, 105–119.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Hembry, R.M. (2001). Detection of Focal Proteolysis Using Texas-Red-Gelatin. In: Clark, I.M. (eds) Matrix Metalloproteinase Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 151. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-046-2:417

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-046-2:417

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-733-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-046-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics