Abstract
Functional analysis of the 5′-flanking region of a gene has become a routme procedure for identifying the cis-acting DNA elements involved in the control of the transcriptional activity of the gene (1). This experimental approach requires the transfection of reporter plasmids, harboring various fragments of the 5′-flanking region of the gene, into appropriate cultured cells and the subsequent measurement of the activity of the reporter gene, either constitutively or in response to regulatory stimuli. Continuous cell lines derived from mahgnant tissues have been extensively used for this purpose because they can be easily cultured and transfected. However, these cell lines have two major drawbacks: they are dedifferentiated with respect to the normal tissue from which they originate; that is, the tissue-specific transcription factors are generally expressed at a low level, if at all; and their culture requires the use of serum, the chemical and hormonal composition of which is not fully defined. In fact, it would be preferable to transfect normal cells in a primary culture in which the phenotype of the tissue of origin is maintained. The problem with this approach is that the methods currently used to transfect cell lines, including electroporation and calcmm phosphate-or diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) dextran-DNA coprecipitation, are generally not convenient for primary cultures because of their toxicity (2–4).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Kmgston, E. and Sheen, J. (1994) Uses of fusion genes in mammalian transfectlon in Current Protocols In Molecular Biology, vol 1 (Ausubel, F M, Brent, R, Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., Seidman, J G., Smith, J A., and Struhl, K., eds.), John Wiley and Sons, NY, pp 961–969
Neumann, E., Schaefer-Ridder, M., Wang, Y, and Hofschneider, P H (1982) Gene transfer mto mouse myeloma cells by electroporation in high electric field EMBO J 1, 841–845.
Chen, C. and Okayama, H. (1987) High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmld DNA. Mel Cell. Blol 7, 2745–2752
Takai, T and Ohmon, H (1990) DNA transfectlon of mouse lymphoid cells by the combmation of DEAE-dextran-mediated DNA uptake and osmotic shock procedure. Bzochzm. Bzophys. Acta 1048, 105–109
Feigner, P. L., Gadek, T. R, Holm, M, Roman, R, Chan, H W, Wenz, M, Northrop, J. P., Rmglod, G. M., and Danielsen, M (1987) Lipofection: a highly efficient, hpld-medlated DNA-transfectlon procedure. Proc Nat1 Acad. Scz USA 84, 7413–7417
Felgner, P L. and Rmgold, G. M (1989) Catiomc liposome-medlated transfectlon. Nature 337, 387,388.
Felgner, J H., Kumar, R., Sridhar, C. N., Wheeler, C J, Tsar, Y J, Border, R, Ramsey, P., Martm, M., and Felgner, P. L. (1994) Enhanced gene dellvery and mechamsm studies with a novel series of catlomc lipid formulations J Biol Chem. 269, 2550–2561.
Jiang, C K., Connolly, D., and Blumenberg, M (1991) Comparison of methods for transfection of human epidermal keratmocytes. J Invest Dermatol 97, 969–973.
Pickering, J. G., Jekanowskl, J., Weir, L., Takeshita, S., Lesordo, D W, and Isner, J. M. (1994) Liposome-mediated gene transfer into human vascular smooth muscle cells. Czrculatzon 89, 13–21.
Jarnagm, W. R., Debs, R. J., Wang, S. S., and Bissell, D. M. (1992) Catlomc hpldmediated transfection of liver cells in primary culture. Nuclezc Aczds Res 20, 4205–4211
Ourlm, J. C., Vilarem, M. J., DauJat, M., Harricane, M. C., Domergue, J., Joyeux, H., Baulieux, J., and Maurel, P. (1997) Lipid-medlated transfection of normal adult human hepatocytes in primary culture. Anal Biochem 247, 34–44
Gao, X. and Huang, L. (1991) A novel catlonic liposome reagent for efficient transfection of mammalian cells. Biochem. Blophys. Res Commun 179, 280–285.
Daujat, M., Charrasse, S., Fabre, I., Lesca, P., Jounaidl, Y, Larroque, C, Poellinger, L., and Maurel, P. (1996) Induction of CYPl Al gene by benzlmldazole derivatives during Caco-2 cell differentiation. Evidence for an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-mediated mechanism. Eur J Blochem. 237, 642–652.
Hayat, M. A. (1989) Prmciples and technzques of electron microscopy. bzologzcal appllcatlons CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 52–54
Blanc, P, Etienne, H, Daqat, M., Fabre, I, Zindy, F, Domergue, J, Astre, C, Saint Aubert, B., Mlchel, H, and Maurel, P. (1992) Mitotic responsiveness of cultured adult human hepatocytes to epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor a, and human serum Gastroenterology 102, 1340–1350
Strain, A. J., Ismail, T, Tsubouchl, H, Arakakl, N., Hishida, T, Kitamura, N, Daikuhara, Y., and Nakamura, T. (1991) Native and recombinant human hepatocyte growth factors are highly potent promoters of DNA synthesis in both human and rat hepatocytes J Clrn Invest 87, 1853–1857.
Greuet, J., Pichard, L., Ourlin, J C, Bonfils, C., Domergue, J., Le Treut, P., and Maurel, P. (1997) Effect of cell density and epidermal growth factor on the mducible expression of CY3A and CYP 1 A genes in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Hepatology 25, 1166–1175
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ourlin, JC., Vilarem, M.J., Daujat, M., Harricane, M.C., Maurel, P. (1998). Lipid-Mediated Gene Transfer into Normal Adult Human Hepatocytes in Primary Culture. In: Phillips, I.R., Shephard, E.A. (eds) Cytochrome P450 Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 107. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-519-0:371
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-519-0:371
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-519-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-580-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols