Abstract
Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) and astroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. HuCVs include several prototypes of small, round-structured viruses (SRSVs) as well as morphologically typical caliciviruses. Recent genetic characterization of HuCVs has divided them into three genogroups: Norwalk virus (NV), Snow Mountain agent (SMA), and Sapporo (Sapp) viruses (1–3). Astroviruses include at least seven antigenic types (4). Complete genomic sequences of astrovirus types 1 and 2 and partial sequences of other strains have been reported (5–7). In both families, differences in antigenic types appear to correspond to differences in genetic groups.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wang, J. X, Jiang, X, Madore, P, Desselberger, U., Gray, J., Ando, T., Oishi, I., and Estes, M. K (1994) Sequence diversity of SRSVs in the Norwalk virus group. J Virol 68, 5982–5990
Jiang, X., Wang, J X., and Estes, M. K. (1995) Characterization of SRSVs using RT-PCR and a new antigen ELISA. Arch Virol 140, 363–374.
Matson, D O, Zhong, W-M., Nakata, S., Jiang, X., Pickering, L K., and Estes, M. K. (1995) Molecular characterization of a human calicivirus with closer genetic relationships to feline calicivirus than other human caliciviruses J Med Virol 45, 215–222.
Noel, J. S., Lee, T. W., Kurtz, J. B, Glass, R. I., and Monroe, S. S. (1995) Typing of human astroviruses from clinical isolates by enzyme immunoassay and nucleotide sequencing. J Clin. Microbiol 33, 797–801.
Jiang, B., Monroe, S. S., Koonin, E. V, Stine, E, and Glass, R. I. (1993) RNA sequence of astrovirus: distinctive genomic organization and a putative retrovirus like ribosomal frameshifting signal that directs the viral replicase synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 10, 539–10, 543.
Lewis, T. L, Greenberg, H. B., Herrmann, J. E., Smith, L S., and Matsui, S. M. (1994) Analysis of astrovirus serotype 1 RNA, identification of the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase motif, and expression of a viral structural protein. J Virol 68, 77–83
Willcocks, M. M., Brown, R D. K., Madeley, C. R., and Carter M J (1994) The complete sequence of a human astrovirus. J. Gen Virol. 75, 1785–1788
Prasad, B. V. V., Rothnagel, R., Jiang, X., and Estes, M. K. (1994) Three dimensional structure of baculovirus-expressed Norwalk virus capsids. J Virol 68, 5117–5125.
Prasad, B. V. V., Matson, D. O., and Smith, A W. (1994) Three-dimensional structure of calicivirus J. Mol Biol. 240, 256–264
Jiang, X., Graham, D Y., Wang, K, Estes, M. K (1990) Norwalk virus genome cloning and characterization. Science 250, 1580–1583.
Jiang, X., Wang, M., Wang, K., and Estes, M. K. (1993) Sequence and genomic organization of Norwalk virus. Virology 195, 51–61
Jiang, X., Wang, J., Graham, D. Y., and Estes, M. K. (1992) Detection of Norwalk virus in stool using polymerase chain reaction. J Clin. Microbiol. 30, 2529–2534.
Cubitt, W. D, Jiang, X, Wang, J., and Estes, M. K (1994) Sequence similarity of human caliciviruses and small round structured viruses. J Med Virol 43, 252–258.
Atmar, R. L, Metcalf, T G., Neill, F. H, and Estes, M. K. (1993) Detection of enteric viruses in oysters by using the polymerase chain reaction. Appl Environ Microbiol 59, 631–635
Mitchell, D. K., Jiang, X., Matson, D. O, Monroe, S S., Glass, R., and Pickering, L. K (1995) Virologic features of an astrovirus diarrhea outbreak in a day care center revealed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Inf Dis 172, 1437–1444.
Moe, C. L, Gentsch, J, Grohmann, G., Ando, T., Monroe, S S., Jiang, X, Wang, J, Estes, M. K., Seto, Y., Humphrey, C, Stine, S, and Glass, R. I. (1994) Application of PCR to detection of Norwalk virus in fecal specimens from outbreaks of gastroenteritis. J Clin Microbiol. 32, 642–648.
Zhou, Y J., Estes, M. E., Jiang, X., and Metcalf, T. G (1991) Concentration and detection of hepatitis A virus and rotavirus from shellfish by hybridization tests. Appl Environ Microbiol 57, 2963–2968.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Jiang, X., Matson, D.O. (1998). Detection of Human Caliciviruses and Astroviruses in Stools by RT-PCR. In: Stephenson, J.R., Warnes, A. (eds) Diagnostic Virology Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicine™, vol 12. Springer, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-479-8:19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-479-8:19
Publisher Name: Springer, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-479-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-596-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols