Skip to main content

Both Irreversible Neuronal Death and Reversible Neuronal Stress Are Associated with Increased Levels of Statin, a Marker of Cell Cycle Arrest

  • Protocol
  • 318 Accesses

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 29))

Abstract

It is well known that cell death forms an important part of normal developmental and plastic processes in the brain. For example, during development, proliferating neuronal precursors generate a population of differentiated neurons, some of which make contact with their targets and survive. Neurons that cannot make appropriate targets activate an endogenous gene-directed death program (Cunningham, 1982; Oppenheimer, 1991). Thus, there is an important relationship between cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in neurons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  • Alonso R., Poirier J., O’Donnell D, Boksa P, and Quirion R (1994) Statin, a marker of cell cycle arrest, is overexpressed during the early phase of delayed NMDA toxicity in hippocampal cell cultures. Mol Cell Neurosci 5, 530–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson K. J., Bridges R. J., and Cotman C W. (1991) Increased density of excitatory amino acid transport sites in the hippocampal formation following an entorhinal lesion Brain Res 562, 285–290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ann D K, Wechsler A, Lin H H., and Wang E (1991) Isoproterenol downregulation of statin-related gene expression in the rat parotid gland. J Cell Sci 100, 641–647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bisonnette R, Lee M J, and Wang E (1990) The differentiation process of intestinal epithelial cells is associated with the appearance of statin. J Cell Sci 95, 247–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottenstein R., and Sato G H (1979) Growth of a rat neuroblastoma cell line in serum-free supplemented medium Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76, 514–517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buttyan R, Zaken Z, Lockshin R., and Wolgemuth D (1988) Cascade induction of c-fos, c-myc, and heat-shock 70K transcripts during regression of the ventral prostate gland Mol Endocrinol 7, 650–657

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen S and Hillman D E (1992) Transient Fos-expression and dendritic spine plasticity in hippocampal granule cells. Brain Res 577, 169–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi D W, Koh J. Y, and Peters S (1988) Pharmacology of glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture J Neurosci 8, 185–196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chopp M, Li Y, Zhang Z G, and Freytag S O. (1992) p53 expression in brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 182, 1201–1207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke A. R, Purdie C. A., Harrison D. J., Morris R. G., Bird C. C, Hooper M L, and Wyllie A H (1993) Thymocyte apoptosis by p53-dependent and independent pathways. Nature 362, 849–852

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham T J. (1982) Naturally-occurring neuron death and its regulation by developing pathways. Int Rev. Cytol 74, 163–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Didier M., Heaulme P, Soubrie P., Bockaert J, and Pin J P. (1990) Rapid, sensitive and simple method for quantification of both neurotoxic and neurotrophic effects of NMDA on cultured cerebellar granule cells. J Neurosci Res 27, 25–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dragunow M (1992) Axotomized medial-diagonal band neurons express Jun immunoreactivity. Mol Brain Res 15, 141–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fedoroff S., Ahmed I, and Wang E (1990) The relationship of expression of statin to the differentiation and cell cycle of astroglia in culture. J. Neurosci Res 26, 1–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fonnum F (1984) Glutamate-a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J. Neurochem 42, 1–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenamyre J T, Olson J. M., Penney J., and Young A. B. (1985) Autoradiographic characterization of N-methyl-D-aspartate-, quisqualate-and kamate-sensitive glutamate binding sites J Pharmacol Exp Ther 233, 254–263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawagoe J., Abe K, Sato S, Nagano I, Nakamura S., and Kogure K (1992) Distribution of heat-shock cognate protein (HSC) 70 after transient focal ischemia in rat brain. Brain Res 587, 195–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kenward N, Hope J, Landon M, and Mayer R. J. (1994) Expression of polyubiquitin and heat-shock protein 70 genes increases in the later stages of disease progression in scrapie-infected mouse brain. J Neurochem. 62, 1870–1877.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khachaturian Z. S. (1985) Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease Arch Neurol 42, 1097–1105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovary K and Bravo R (1991) The Jun and Fos protein families are both required for cell cycle progression Mol Cell Biol 11, 4466–4472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laemmli U K (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leah J D, Herdegen T, and Bravo R. (1991) Selective expression of Jun protein following axotomy and axonal transport block in peripheral nerves in the rat Brain Res 566, 198–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee M J., Sandig M., and Wang E (1992) Statin a protein marker specific for nonproliferatmg cells is a phosphoprotein and forms an in vivo complex with a 45 kilodalton serine/threonine kinase J Biol Chem 267, 21,773–21,781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe S W., Schmitt E. M, Smith S W., Osborne B. A, and Jacks T (1993) p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes Nature 362, 847–849

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch G, Gall C, Rose G, and Cotman C. (1976) Changes in the distribution of the dentate gyrus associational system following unilateral or bilateral entorhinal lesion in the adult brain Brain Res 110, 57–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews D A, Cotman C, and Lynch G (1976a) An electron microscopic study of lesion-induced synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat I Magnitude and time course of degeneration. Brain Res 115, 1–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews D. A., Cotman C, and Lynch G(1976b) An electron microscopic study of lesion-induced synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat II. Reappearance of morphologically normal contacts. Brain Res 115, 23–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan D. T. and Cotman C. W (1985) Distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive L-[3H]glutamate binding sites in rat brain. J Neurosci. 5, 2909–2919

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan D. T, Yao D, and Cotman C W (1984) Distribution of [3H]AMPA binding sites in rat brain as determined by quantitative aultoradiography Brain Res. 324, 160–164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nadler J. V (1981) Role of excitatory pathways in the hippocampal damage produced by kainic acid Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 27, 395–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishikura K. and Murray J M. (1987) Antisense DNA of proto-oncogene c-fos blocks renewed growth of quiescent 3T3 cells Mol Cell Biol 7, 639–649

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch R and Frotscher M. (1992) Reduction of post-traumatic transneuronal aldearly gene” activation and dendritic atrophy by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89, 5197–5200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer R. W (1991) Cell death during development of the nervous system Ann Rev Neurosci 14, 453–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier J and Nichol N. R. (1991) Alteration of hippocampal RNA prevalence in response to deafferentation Methods Neurosci 7, 182–199

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier J, Baccichet A., Dea D., and Gauthier S. (1993) Cholesterol synthesis and lipoprotein uptake during synaptic remodelling in the hippocampus in adult rats. Neuroscience 55, 81–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier J, Hess M., May P C, and Finch C E (1991) Apolipoprotein E and GFAP-RNA in hippocampus during reactive synaptogenesis and terminal proliferation Mol Brain Res 11, 97–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randall R. D. and Thayer S A (1992) Glutamate-induced calcium transient triggers delayed calcium overload and neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons J Neurosci 12, 1882–1895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakhi S., Bruce A, Sun N, Tocco G., Baudry M, and Schreiber S S. (1994) p53 induction is associated with neuronal damage in the central nervous system. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 7525–7529

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheff S W, Benardo L S, and Cotman C W. (1980) Decline in reactive fiber growth in the dentate gyrus of aged rats compared to young adult rats following entorhinal cortex removal. Brain Res 199, 21–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schipper H M and Wang E. (1990) Expression of statin in the postnatal brain, evidence for a substantial retention of neuroglial proliferative capacity with aging Brain Res 528, 250–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schipper H. M, Skalski V, Panasci L C, and Wang E (1990) Statin expression in the untreated and SarCNU-exposed human glioma cell line, SK-MG-1 Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 26, 383–386.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Kastner R and Freund T F. (1991) Selective vulnerability of the hippocampus in brain ischemia. Neuroscience 40, 599–636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sester U, Sawada M, and Wang E (1990) Purification and biochemical characterization of statin, a non-proliferation specific protein from rat liver J Biol Chem 265, 19,966–19,972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw P., Bovey R., Tardy S, Sahli R., Sordat B, and Costa J (1992) Induction of apoptosis by wild-type p53 in a human colon tumor-derived cell line Proc Natl Acad. Sci USA 89, 4495–4499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sloviter R S. and Lowenstem D H (1992) Heat shock protein expression in vulnerable cells of the rat hippocampus as an indicator of excitation-induced neuronal stress. J Neurosci 12, 3004–3009.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith P K., Krohn R I., Hermanson G. T., Mallia A K, Gartner F. H, Provenzano M. D, Fujimoto E. K., Goeke N M, Olson B. J, and Klenk D C (1985) Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal Biochem 150, 76–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trump B F. and Berezesky I. K. (1992) Role of cytosolic Ca2+ in cell injury necrosis and apoptosis. Curr Opinion Cell Biol 4, 227–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsanaclis A. M. C, Brem S. S, Gately S, Schipper H M, and Wang E (1991) Statin immunolocalization in human brain tumors. Cancer 68, 786–792

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulas J., Monaghan D T, and Cotman C W (1990a) Plastic response of hippocampal excitatory amino acid receptors to deafferentation and reinnervation. Neuroscience 34, 9–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulas J, Monaghan D T, and Cotman C W. (1990b) Kainate receptors in the rat hippocampus: a distribution and time course of changes in response to unilateral lesions of the entorhinal cortex. J Neurosci 10, 2352–2362

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Hoesen G. W., Hyman B T., and Damasio A. R (1991) Entorhinal cortex pathology in Alzheimer’s disease Hippocampus 1, 1–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang E. (1985) Rapid disappearance of statin, a nonproliferating and senescent cell-specific protein, upon reentering the process of cell cycling. J Cell Biol 101, 1695–1701

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang E (1989) Statin, a nonproliferation-specific protein, is associated with the nuclear envelope and is heterogenously distributed in cells leaving quiescent state J Cell Physiol 140, 418–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang E and Krueger J G (1985) Application of a unique monoclonal antibody as a marker for nonproliferating subpopulations of cells of some tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 33, 587–594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang E and Lin S L. (1986) Disappearance of statin, a protein marker for nonproliferating and senescent cells following serum-stimulated cell cycle entry. Exp Cell Res 167, 135–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang E, Lee M-J, and Pandey S (1994) Control of fibroblast senescence and activation of programmed cell death J Cell Biochem 54, 432–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White W F., Nadler J. V., Hamberger A., and Cotman C. W (1977) Glutamate as transmitter of hippocampal perforant path. Nature 270, 356–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield J F (1992) Calcium signals and cancer. Curr Rev Oncol Hematol 3, 55–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yomsh-Rouach E, Resnitzky D., Lotem J., Sachs L., Kimchi A., and Oren M. (1991) Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukaemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6. Nature 352, 345–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X., Colombel M., Raffo A., and Buttyan R (1994) Enhanced expression of p53 mRNA and protein in the regressing rat ventral prostate gland. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 198, 1189–1194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang P., Hirsch E C, Damier P, and Agig Y (1992) C-fos protein-like immunoreactivity distribution in the human brain and over-expression in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease Neuroscience 49, 9–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Boksa, P., Beffert, U., Dea, D., Alonso, R., O’Donnell, D., Poirier, J. (1997). Both Irreversible Neuronal Death and Reversible Neuronal Stress Are Associated with Increased Levels of Statin, a Marker of Cell Cycle Arrest. In: Poirier, J. (eds) Apoptosis Techniques and Protocols. Neuromethods, vol 29. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-451-8:161

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-451-8:161

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-451-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-634-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics