Abstract
Genetic analysis of HIV-1 frequently involves molecular cloning. The general laboratory approach of identifying a desired molecular clone after a successful transformation includes picking colonies, growing stationary-phase bacterial cultures, isolating plasmid DNA using any number of DNA isolation protocols, and, finally restriction endonuclease mapping of the molecular clones (1,2). The approach is time-consuming and labor-intensive. It may take several days before the correct clone can be identified. An alternative but equally time-consuming approach is the procedure of colony filter hybridization (1,2). This procedure includes transferring bacterial colonies to a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane, denaturing plasmid DNA in situ, hybridizing to a radioactive or chemiluminescent labeled probe, washing off the excess probe, and, finally, exposing the filter to X-ray film. To simplify clone identification, vectors containing the lacZ promoter and a partial lacZ gene encoding the α-fragment of β-galactosidase were developed (pUC vectors) (3,4). Upon induction by IPTG (isopropyl-β-D-thio-galactopyranoside), the expressed β-galactosidase could cleave X-gal (5-bromo-4-choloro-3-indoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) and turn the colonies blue. Colonies were white when an insert interrupted the reading frame of the β-galactosidase. However, the blue/white color selection was not absolute due to the leakiness of the lacZ gene expression.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (eds.) (1989), in Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual 2nd Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., Seidman, J. G., Smith, J. A., and Struhl, K. (1987) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Green Publishing Associates/Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Vieira, J. and Messing, J. (1982) The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene 19, 259–268.
Yanisch-Perron, C., Vieira, J., and Messing, J. (1985) Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: Nucleotide sequences of the M13mpl8 and pUC19 vectors. Gene 33, 103–119.
Saiki, R. K., Gelfand, D. H., Stoffel, S., Scharf, S. J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G. T., Mullis, K. B., and Erlich, H. A. (1988) Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239, 487–491.
Wang, S. and Hazelrigg, T., (1994) Implications for bcd mRNA localization from spatial distribution of exu protein in Drosophila oogenesis. Nature 369, 400–403.
Michael, N. L., D’Arcy, L., Ehrenberg, P. K., and Redfield, R. R. (1994) Naturally occurring genotypes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat display a wide rage of basal and Tat-induced transcriptional activities. J Virol. 68, 3163–3174.
Hoffman, M. A. and Brian, D. A., (1991) Sequencing PCR DNA amplified directly from a bacterial colony. Biotechniques 11, 30,31.
Frothingham, M. A., Allen, R. L., and Wilson, K. H. (1991) Rapid 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing from a single colony without DNA extrction or purification. Bioechniques 11, 40–44.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Dong, W., Roy, A.K., Li, Y. (1999). Rapid Identification of Cloned HIV-1 Fragments. In: Michael, N.L., Kim, J.H. (eds) HIV Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicine™, vol 17. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-369-4:83
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-369-4:83
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-369-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-601-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols