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Na+/K+-ATPase in Nervous Tissue

  • Protocol
Neurotransmitter Enzymes

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 5))

Abstract

Mammalian cells are surrounded by a fluid medium that contains a high concentration of sodium and a low concentration of potassium. In contrast, the cell cytoplasm is high in potassium and low in sodium. To maintain this chemical gradient, the cell must transport excess sodium out of, and potassium into, the cell. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon was first proposed by (1941), who realized that there must be active sodium excretion to control intracellular sodium levels in skeletal muscle. (1953) showed that the sodium and potassium fluxes across red blood cell membranes are dependent on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and that these fluxes can be inhibited by cardiac glycosides. The idea of an “active” ion transport mechanism (ion pump) was thus formulated. Subsequent studies by (1957) have indicated that there is a Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+-ATPase) in the microsomal fraction of crab nerve that is markedly activated by the concurrent presence of sodium and potassium ions. Twenty-six years have lapsed since this original observation, and it is now accepted that the enzyme system described by (1957) is responsible for the active transport of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane. The enzyme system was named Na+, K+-activated, Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) (EC 3.6.1.3).

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  1. Clinical Pharmacology Program, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    P. H. Wu

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Alan A. Boulton Glen B. Baker Peter H. Yu

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Wu, P.H. (1986). Na+/K+-ATPase in Nervous Tissue. In: Boulton, A.A., Baker, G.B., Yu, P.H. (eds) Neurotransmitter Enzymes. Neuromethods, vol 5. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-079-2:451

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