Advertisement

Chemical Fingerprinting of Arabidopsis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Approaches

Protocol
First Online:
Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 1062)

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a fast, sensitive, inexpensive, and nondestructive technique for chemical profiling of plant materials. In this chapter we discuss the instrumental setup, the basic principles of analysis, and the possibilities for and limitations of obtaining qualitative and semiquantitative information by FT-IR spectroscopy. We provide detailed protocols for four fully customizable techniques: (1) Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS): a sensitive and high-throughput technique for powders; (2) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy: a technique that requires no sample preparation and can be used for solid samples as well as for cell cultures; (3) microspectroscopy using a single element (SE) detector: a technique used for analyzing sections at low spatial resolution; and (4) microspectroscopy using a focal plane array (FPA) detector: a technique for rapid chemical profiling of plant sections at cellular resolution. Sample preparation, measurement, and data analysis steps are listed for each of the techniques to help the user collect the best quality spectra and prepare them for subsequent multivariate analysis.

Key words

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods Microspectroscopy Chemical composition Multivariate analysis Plant Attenuated total reflectance Diffuse reflectance Focal plane array detector 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. John Loring and Dr. Janice Kenney for comments and discussions and Kjell Olofsson for assistance in sectioning. The protocols were developed and tested using the instruments of the Vibrational Spectroscopy Platform of the Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.

References

  1. 1.
    Zhou GW, Taylor G, Polle A (2011) FTIR-ATR based prediction and modelling of lignin and energy contents reveals independent intra-specific variation of these traits in bioenergy poplars. Plant Methods 7:9PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Fackler K et al (2011) FT-IR imaging microscopy to localise and characterise simultaneous and selective white-rot decay within spruce wood cells. Holzforschung 65:411–420CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Stevanic JS, Salmén L (2009) Orientation of the wood polymers in the cell wall of spruce wood fibres. Holzforschung 63:497–503CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Rana R et al (2008) FTIR spectroscopy in combination with principal component analysis or cluster analysis as a tool to distinguish beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees grown at different sites. Holzforschung 62:530–538CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Dokken KM, Davis LC, Marinkovic NS (2005) Use of infrared microspectroscopy in plant growth and development. Appl Spectrosc Rev 40:301–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Wetzel DL (2009) FT-IR microspectroscopic imaging of plant material. In: Salzer R, Siesler HW (eds) Infrared and raman spectroscopic imaging. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp 225–258Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Gorzsás A et al (2011) Cell-specific chemotyping and multivariate imaging by combined FT-IR microspectroscopy and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) analysis reveals the chemical landscape of secondary xylem. Plant J 66:903–914PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Lasch P, Naumann D (2006) Spatial resolution in infrared microspectroscopic imaging of tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:814–829PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Åkerholm M, Hinterstoisser B, Salmén L (2004) Characterization of the crystalline structure of cellulose using static and dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy. Carbohyd Res 339:569–578CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Noda I, Ozaki Y (2004) Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Applications in vibrational and optical spectroscopy. Wiley, ChichesterCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Socrates G (2001) Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies. Tables and charts, 3rd edn. Wiley, ChichesterGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Trygg J et al (2006) Chemometrics in metabolomics. Springer, BerlinGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Trygg J, Wold S (2002) Orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS). J Chemometr 16:119–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Chalmers JM (2001) Mid-infrared spectroscopy of the condensed phase. In: Chalmers JM, Griffiths PR (eds) Theory and instrumentation, vol 1, Handbook of vibrational spectroscopy. Wiley, ChichesterGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Schwanninger M et al (2004) Effects of short-time vibratory ball milling on the shape of FT-IR spectra of wood and cellulose. Vib Spectrosc 36:23–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Sommer AJ (2001) Mid-infrared transmission microspectroscopy. In: Chalmers JM, Griffiths PR (eds) Sampling techniques for vibrational spectroscopy, vol 2, Handbook of vibrational spectroscopy. Wiley, ChichesterGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Faix O (1991) Classification of lignins from different botanical origins by FT-IR spectroscopy. Holzforschung 45:21–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Romeo M, Diem M (2005) Correction of dispersive line shape artifact observed in diffuse reflection infrared spectroscopy and absorption/reflection (transflection) infrared micro-spectroscopy. Vib Spectrosc 38: 129–132CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Oberg KA, Fink AL (1998) A new attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method for the study of proteins in solution. Anal Biochem 256:92–106PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
  2. 2.Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden

Personalised recommendations

Cite protocol

Buy options