Skip to main content

Native/Denaturing Two-Dimensional DNA Electrophoresis and Its Application to the Analysis of Recombination Intermediates

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
DNA Electrophoresis

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1054))

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis employs distinct electrophoretic conditions to better resolve complex mixtures of molecules. In combination with Southern analysis, 2D agarose gel electrophoresis is routinely employed to detect and analyze DNA intermediates that arise during the replication and repair of chromosomes. By separating intermediates into their component single-strands, native/denaturing 2D gels can reveal structure that is not apparent under native conditions alone. Here, we describe a general method for native/denaturing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and its application to understanding the DNA strand-composition of recombination intermediates formed during meiosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bell L, Byers B (1983) Separation of branched from linear DNA by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 130:527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bell LR, Byers B (1983) Homologous association of chromosomal DNA during yeast meiosis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 47(Pt 2):829–840

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Brewer BJ, Fangman WL (1991) Mapping replication origins in yeast chromosomes. Bioessays 13:317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dijkwel PA, Hamlin JL (1997) Mapping replication origins by neutral/neutral two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Methods 13:235

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Huberman JA (1997) Mapping replication origins, pause sites, and termini by neutral/alkaline two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Methods 13:247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. McDonell M, Simon MN, Studier FW (1977) Analysis of restriction fragments of T7 DNA and determination of molecular weights by electrophoresis in neutral and alkaline gels. J Mol Biol 110:119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zakharyevich K et al (2010) Temporally and biochemically distinct activities of Exo1 during meiosis: double-strand break resection and resolution of double Holliday junctions. Mol Cell 40:1001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wahls WP, DeWall KM, Davidson MK (2005) Mapping of ssDNA nicks within dsDNA genomes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. J Arkansas Acad Sci 59:178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schwacha A, Kleckner N (1994) Identification of joint molecules that form frequently between homologs but rarely between sister chromatids during yeast meiosis. Cell 76:51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lao JP, Oh SD, Shinohara M, Shinohara A, Hunter N (2008) Rad52 promotes post-invasion steps of meiotic double-strand-break repair. Mol Cell 29:517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Allers T, Lichten M (2001) Intermediates of yeast meiotic recombination contain heteroduplex DNA. Mol Cell 8:225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Schwacha A, Kleckner N (1995) Identification of double holliday junctions as intermediates in meiotic recombination. Cell 83:783

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cromie GA et al (2006) Single holliday junctions are intermediates of meiotic recombination. Cell 127:1167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bzymek M, Thayer NH, Oh SD, Kleckner N, Hunter N (2010) Double holliday junctions are intermediates of DNA break repair. Nature 464:937

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Oh SD et al (2007) BLM ortholog, Sgs1, prevents aberrant crossing-over by suppressing formation of multichromatid joint molecules. Cell 130:259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Oh SD, Lao JP, Taylor AF, Smith GR, Hunter N (2008) RecQ helicase, Sgs1, and XPF family endonuclease, Mus81-Mms4, resolve aberrant joint molecules during meiotic recombination. Mol Cell 31:324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Oh SD et al (2009) Stabilization and electrophoretic analysis of meiotic recombination intermediates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods Mol Biol 557:209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Green MR, Sambrook J (2012) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual (fourth edition). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ruven HJ, Seelen CM, Lohman PH, Mullenders LH, van Zeeland AA (1994) Efficient synthesis of 32P-labeled single-stranded DNA probes using linear PCR; application of the method for analysis of strand-specific DNA repair. Mutat Res 315:189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH NIGMS) grant GM074223 to N.H. N.H. is an Early Career Scientist of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Lao, J.P., Tang, S., Hunter, N. (2013). Native/Denaturing Two-Dimensional DNA Electrophoresis and Its Application to the Analysis of Recombination Intermediates. In: Makovets, S. (eds) DNA Electrophoresis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1054. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-565-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-565-1_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-564-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-565-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics