Abstract
The characterization of the interaction between a ligand and its receptor is crucial for a broad variety of applications in academia as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. Although various sophisticated high-throughput technologies have been established to investigate the binding of ligands to their receptors, classical filtration-based receptor binding assays still have some advantages when smaller number of samples need to be tested. Here we describe a technically easy, cheap, and reliable receptor binding assay that was successfully applied to determine the binding constant of the NO-independent activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, cinaciguat, and the impact of other small molecules on its interaction with the enzyme.
Conflict of Interest
Peter M. Schmidt was employed from 2000 to 2003 by Bayer Pharma AG and is currently a full-time employee of CSL. Johannes-Peter Stasch is currently a full-time employee of Bayer Pharma AG.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Eglen RM, Reisine T, Roby P, Rouleau N, Illy C, Bosse R, Bielefeld M (2008) The use of AlphaScreen technology in HTS: current status. Curr Chem Genomics 1:2–10
Ullman EF, Kirakossian H, Singh S, Wu ZP, Irvin BR, Pease JS, Switchenko AC, Irvine JD, Dafforn A, Skold CN et al (1994) Luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay: measurement of particle binding kinetics by chemiluminescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(12):5426–5430
Bazin H, Trinquet E, Mathis G (2002) Time resolved amplification of cryptate emission: a versatile technology to trace biomolecular interactions. J Biotechnol 82(3):233–250
Degorce F, Card A, Soh S, Trinquet E, Knapik GP, Xie B (2009) HTRF: a technology tailored for drug discovery—a review of theoretical aspects and recent applications. Curr Chem Genomics 3:22–32
Olson KR, Eglen RM (2007) Beta galactosidase complementation: a cell-based luminescent assay platform for drug discovery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 5(1):137–144
Rothkegel C, Schmidt PM, Atkins DJ, Hoffmann LS, Schmidt HH, Schroder H, Stasch JP (2007) Dimerization region of soluble guanylate cyclase characterized by bimolecular fluorescence complementation in vivo. Mol Pharmacol 72(5):1181–1190
Jason-Moller L, Murphy M, Bruno J (2006) Overview of Biacore systems and their applications. Current protocols in protein science Chapter 19:Unit 19.14. doi: 10.1002/0471142301.ps1914s45
Navratilova I, Hopkins AL (2011) Emerging role of surface plasmon resonance in fragment-based drug discovery. Future Med Chem 3(14):1809–1820
Glickman JF, Schmid A, Ferrand S (2008) Scintillation proximity assays in high-throughput screening. Assay Drug Dev Technol 6(3):433–455
O’Neill MA, Gaisford S (2011) Application and use of isothermal calorimetry in pharmaceutical development. Int J Pharm 417(1–2):83–93
Jerabek-Willemsen M, Wienken CJ, Braun D, Baaske P, Duhr S (2011) Molecular interaction studies using microscale thermophoresis. Assay Drug Dev Technol 9(4):342–353
Schmidt PM (2009) Biochemical detection of cGMP from past to present: an overview. Handb Exp Pharmacol 191:195–228
Schmidt P, Schramm M, Schroder H, Stasch JP (2003) Receptor binding assay for nitric oxide- and heme-independent activators of soluble guanylate cyclase. Anal Biochem 314(1):162–165
Stasch JP, Schmidt P, Alonso-Alija C, Apeler H, Dembowsky K, Haerter M, Heil M, Minuth T, Perzborn E, Pleiss U, Schramm M, Schroeder W, Schroder H, Stahl E, Steinke W, Wunder F (2002) NO- and haem-independent activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase: molecular basis and cardiovascular implications of a new pharmacological principle. Br J Pharmacol 136(5):773–783
Stasch JP, Schmidt PM, Nedvetsky PI, Nedvetskaya TY, Kumar HSA, Meurer S, Deile M, Taye A, Knorr A, Lapp H, Muller H, Turgay Y, Rothkegel C, Tersteegen A, Kemp-Harper B, Muller-Esterl W, Schmidt HH (2006) Targeting the heme-oxidized nitric oxide receptor for selective vasodilatation of diseased blood vessels. J Clin Invest 116(9):2552–2561
Hoffmann LS, Schmidt PM, Keim Y, Schaefer S, Schmidt HH, Stasch JP (2009) Distinct molecular requirements for activation or stabilization of soluble guanylyl cyclase upon haem oxidation-induced degradation. Br J Pharmacol 157(5):781–795
Evgenov OV, Pacher P, Schmidt PM, Hasko G, Schmidt HH, Stasch JP (2006) NO-independent stimulators and activators of soluble guanylate cyclase: discovery and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev 5(9):755–768
Schmidt HH, Schmidt PM, Stasch JP (2009) NO- and haem-independent soluble guanylate cyclase activators. Handb Exp Pharmacol 191:309–339
Wang Y, Liu H, McKenzie G, Witting PK, Stasch JP, Hahn M, Changsirivathanathamrong D, Wu BJ, Ball HJ, Thomas SR, Kapoor V, Celermajer DS, Mellor AL, Keaney JF Jr, Hunt NH, Stocker R (2010) Kynurenine is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced during inflammation. Nat Med 16(3):279–285
Hahn MG, Alonso-Alija C, Stoll F, Heil M, Mittendorf M, Schlemmer KH, Wunder F, Stasch JP (2007) Design and synthesis of the first NO- and haem-independent sGC activator BAY 58-2667 for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure. BMC Pharmacol 7:P25
Seidel D, Pleiss U (2010) Labelling of the guanylate cyclase activator cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667) with carbon-14, tritium and stable isotopes. J Label Compd Radiopharm 53:130–139
Scott CW, Gomes BC, Hubbs SJ, Koenigbauer HC (1995) A filtration-based assay to quantitate granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor binding. Anal Biochem 228(1):150–154
Demoliou-Mason CD, Barnard EA (1984) Solubilization in high yield of opioid receptors retaining high-affinity delta, mu and kappa binding sites. FEBS Lett 170(2):378–382
Atha DH, Ingham KC (1981) Mechanism of precipitation of proteins by polyethylene glycols. Analysis in terms of excluded volume. J Biol Chem 256(23):12108–12117
Bhat R, Timasheff SN (1992) Steric exclusion is the principal source of the preferential hydration of proteins in the presence of polyethylene glycols. Protein Sci 1(9):1133–1143
Schmidt PM, Schramm M, Schroder H, Wunder F, Stasch JP (2004) Identification of residues crucially involved in the binding of the heme moiety of soluble guanylate cyclase. J Biol Chem 279(4):3025–3032
Foerster J, Harteneck C, Malkewitz J, Schultz G, Koesling D (1996) A functional heme-binding site of soluble guanylyl cyclase requires intact N-termini of alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits. Eur J Biochem 240(2):380–386
Schmidt P, Schramm M, Schroder H, Stasch JP (2003) Preparation of heme-free soluble guanylate cyclase. Protein Expr Purif 31(1):42–46
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Schmidt, P.M., Stasch, JP. (2013). Receptor Binding Assay for NO-Independent Activators of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase. In: Krieg, T., Lukowski, R. (eds) Guanylate Cyclase and Cyclic GMP. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1020. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-459-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-459-3_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-458-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-459-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols