Abstract
The chiral separation principle ligand-exchange is applicable for HPLC, capillary electrophoresis as well as for capillary electrochromatography. Among other chiral separation principles, ligand-exchange permits simple method optimization and can be used particularly for chiral amino acids, amino alcohols or α-hydroxy acids. Up to now, three different approaches how to prepare capillaries for ligand-exchange electrochromatography have been published: The use of packed columns, monolithic columns, and particle-loaded columns. This chapter describes examples for the preparation of such columns for all three approaches and illustrates their use for chiral separations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsAbbreviations
- CEC:
-
Capillary electrochromatography
- CSP:
-
Chiral stationary phase
- EEO:
-
Enantiomer elution order
- EOF:
-
Electroosmotic flow
- LE:
-
Ligand-exchange
References
Davankov VA, Rogozhin SV (1971) Ligand chromatography as a novel method for investigation of mixed complexes—stereoselective effects in alpha-amino acid Copper(II) complexes. J Chromatogr 60:284–312
Davankov VA (1980) Adv Chromatogr 18: 139–142
Davankov VA (2003) Enantioselective ligand exchange in modern separation techniques. J Chromatogr A 1000:891–915
Schmid MG, Gübitz G (2011) Enan-tioseparation by chromatographic and electromigration techniques using ligand-exchange as chiral separation principle. Anal Bioanal Chem 400:2305–2316
Pittler E, Grawatsch N, Paul D, Gübitz G, Schmid MG (2009) Enantioseparation of amino acids, alpha-hydroxy acids, and dipeptides by ligand-exchange CEC using silica-based chiral stationary phases. Electrophoresis 30:2897–2904
Gübitz G, Vollmann B, Cannazza G, Schmid MG (1996) Chiral resolution of dipeptides by ligand exchange chromatography on chemically bonded chiral phases. J Liq Chromatogr 19:2933–2942
Davankov VA, Bochkov AS, Kurganov AA, Roumeliotis P, Unger KK (1980) Dealing with the ligand-exchange chromatography.13. separation of unmodified alpha-amino-acid enantiomers by reverse phase HPLC. Chromatographia 13:677–685
Schmid MG, Schreiner K, Reisinger D, Gübitz G (2006) Fast chiral separation by ligand-exchange HPLC using a dynamically coated monolithic column. J Sep Sci 29:1470–1475
Schmid MG, Grobuschek N, Tuscher C, Gübitz G, Végvári Á, Machtejevas E, Maruska A, Hjertén S (2000) Chiral separation of amino acids by ligand-exchange capillary electrochromatography using continuous beds. Electrophoresis 21:3141–3144
Puchalska P, Pittler E, Trojanowicz M, Gübitz G, Schmid MG (2010) Enan-tioseparation of amino acids and alpha-hydroxy acids on ligand-exchange continuous beds by capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 31:1517–1520
Schmid MG, Grobuschek N, Lecnik O, Gübitz G, Végvári Á, Hjertén S (2001) Enantioseparation of hydroxy acids on easy-to-prepare continuous beds for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 22: 2616–2619
Lecnik O, Gübitz G, Schmid MG (2003) Role of the charge in continuous beds in the chiral separation of hydroxy acids by ligand-exchange capillary electrochromatography. Electro phoresis 24:2983–2985
Chen Z, Hobo T (2001) Chemically l-phenylalaninamide-modified monolithic silica column prepared by a sol–gel process for enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids by ligand exchange-capillary electrochromatography. Anal Chem 73:3348–3357
Chen Z, Hobo T (2001) Chemically l-prolinamide-modified monolithic silica column for enantiomeric separation of dansyl amino acids and hydroxy acids by capillary electrochromatography and mu-high performance liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 22: 3339–3346
Schmid MG, Koidl J, Wank P, Kargl G, Zöhrer H, Gübitz G (2007) Enantioseparation by ligand-exchange using particle-loaded monoliths: capillary-LC versus capillary electrochromatography. J Biochem Biophys Methods 70: 77–85
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Schmid, M.G. (2013). Application of Chiral Ligand-Exchange Stationary Phases in Capillary Electrochromatography. In: Scriba, G. (eds) Chiral Separations. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 970. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-262-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-263-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols