Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) are critical signaling components involved in various aspects of plant growth, development, and defense. Their constitutive levels vary from plant to plant and also from tissue to tissue within the same plant. Moreover, their quantitative levels change when plant is exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses. To better understand the JA- and SA-mediated signaling and metabolic pathways, it is important to precisely quantify their levels in plants/tissues/organs. However, their extraction and quantification are not trivial and still technically challenging. An effort has been made in various laboratories to develop a simple and standard procedure that can be utilized for quantification of JA and SA. Here, we present the experimental procedure and our decade of experience on extracting and quantifying them in an absolute manner in leaves of rice seedlings. We must mention that this method has been applied to both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants for absolute quantification of JA and SA. As collaboration is the key towards rapid progress in science and technology, we are always open to sharing our experience in this field with any active research group with an aim to improve the procedure further and eventually to connect the importance of their (JA and SA) quantitative levels with networks of signaling and metabolic pathways in plants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Reymond P, Farmer EE (1998) Jasmonate and salicylate as global signals for defense gene expression. Curr Opin Plant Biol 1:404–411
Agrawal GK, Tamogami S, Han O, Iwahashi H, Rakwal R (2004) Rice octadecanoid pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 317:1–15
Wasternack C (2007) Jasmonates: an update on biosynthesis, signal transduction and action in plant stress responses, growth and development. Ann Bot 100:681–697
Vlot AC, Dempsey DA, Klessig DF (2009) Salicylic acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease. Annu Rev Phytopathol 47:177–206
Smith JL, De Moraes CM, Mescher MC (2009) Jasmonate- and salicylate-mediated plant defense responses to insect herbivores, pathogens and parasitic plants. Pest Manag Sci 65:497–503
Vick BA, Zimmerman DC (1984) Biosynthesis of jasmonic acid by several plant species. Plant Physiol 75:458–461
Hamberg M, Gardner HW (1992) Oxylipin pathway to jasmonates: biochemistry and biological significance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1165:1–18
Coquoz J, Buchala A, Metraux JP (1998) The biosynthesis of salicylic acid in potato plants. Plant Physiol 111:1095–1101
Wildermuth MC, Dewdney J, Wu G, Ausubel FM (2001) Isochorismate synthase is required to synthesize salicylic acid for plant defense. Nature 414:562–565
Van Poecke RMP, Dicke M (2002) Induced parasitioid attraction by Arabidopsis thaliana: involvement of the octadecanoid and the salicylic acid pathway. J Exp Bot 53:1793–1799
Spoel SH, Koornneef A, Claessens SMC, Korzelius JP, Van Pelt JA, Mueller MJ, Buchala AJ, Metraux JP, Brown R, Kazan K, Van Loon LC, Dong X, Pieterse CMJ (2003) NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol. Plant Cell 15:760–770
Traw MB, Bergelson J (2003) Interactive effects of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and gibberellin on induction of trichomes in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 133:1–9
Lee A, Cho K, Jang S, Rakwal R, Iwahashi H, Agrawal GK, Shim J, Han O (2004) Inverse correlation between jasmonic acid and salicylic acid during early wound response in rice. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 318:734–738
Pena-Cortes H, Albrecht T, Prat S, Weiler EW, Willmitzer L (1993) Aspirin prevents wound-induced gene expression in tomato leaves by blocking jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Planta 191:123–128
Sano H, Seo S, Koizumi N, Niki T, Iwamura H, Ohashi Y (1996) Regulation by cytokinins of endogenous levels of jasmonic and salicylic acids in mechanically wounded tobacco plants. Plant Cell Physiol 37:762–769
Agrawal GK, Rakwal R (2006) Rice proteomics: a cornerstone for cereal food crop proteomes. Mass Spectrom Rev 25:1–53
Kangasjärvi J, Jaspers P, Kollist H (2005) Signalling and cell death in ozone-exposed plants. Plant Cell Environ 28:1021–1036
Yang Y, Qi M, Mei C (2004) Endogenous salicylic acid protects rice plants from oxidative damage by aging as well as biotic and abiotic stress. Plant J 40:909–919
Tamogami S, Rakwal R, Agrawal G (2008) Interplant communication: airborne methyl jasmonate is essentially converted into JA and JA-Ile activating jasmonate signaling pathway and VOCs emission. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 376:723–727
Rakwal R, Tamogami S, Agrawal G, Iwahashi H (2002) Octadecanoid signaling component “burst” in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling leaves upon wounding by cut and treatment with fungal elicitior chitosan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 295:1041–1045
Büchi G, Egger B (1971) A new synthesis of cyclopentenones. Methyl jasmonate and jasmine. J Org Chem 36:2021–2023
Tamogami S, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R (2010) An in planta technique for cis-/trans-stereochemical analysis of jasmonoyl isoleucine. J Plant Physiol 167:933–937
Tamogami S, Rakwal R, Agrawal GK (2011) Jasmonates to Jasmolites in Plants: Past, Present, and Future. Adv Bot Res 60:309–348
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (A-0806) of Ministry of Environment, Japan. K.C. was supported at NIES as an Eco-Frontier Fellow (09-Ba086-02). OH appreciates the support of the Korea Research Foundation (2008-313-F00020). GKA and RR greatly appreciate the vision and direction of Prof. V. P. Agrawal (Founder RLABB, Nepal) in their research. GKA appreciates Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS; ID Number S-10182) for research at NIAS and collaborations therein with ST and RR. RR acknowledges the great support of Professors Yoshihiro Shiraiwa (Chairperson, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba) and Seiji Shioda and Dr. Tetsuo Ogawa (Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine) in promoting interdisciplinary research and unselfish encouragement.
During the preparation of this manuscript, an advanced method for jasmonates analysis has been reported (22). Moreover, a comprehensive review including recent techniques for jasmonates analysis has also been recently published (23).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Cho, K. et al. (2013). Quantification of Jasmonic and Salicylic Acids in Rice Seedling Leaves. In: Yang, Y. (eds) Rice Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 956. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-194-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-194-3_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-193-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-194-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols