Skip to main content

The Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Legionella Infection

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Legionella

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 954))

Abstract

Caenorhabditis elegans can serve as a simple genetic host to study interactions between Legionellaceae and their hosts, and to examine the contribution of specific gene products to virulence and immunity. C. elegans nematodes have several appealing attributes as a host organism; they are inexpensive, have robust genetic analysis tools, have a simple anatomy yet display a wide range of complex behaviors, and, as invertebrates, do not require animal ethics protocols. Use of C. elegans as a host model complements cell-based models, providing additional support and consistency of the experimental data obtained from multiple models. The C. elegans innate immune system functions similarly to that of the alveolar macrophage including the apoptosis [e.g. programmed cell death (PCD)] pathway located within the germline. The digestive tract of C. elegans is a primary interface between the innate immune system and bacterial pathogens. Thus, the C. elegans host model provides an alternative approach to investigate Legionella pneumophila immunopathogenesis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sifri CD, Begun J, Ausubel FM (2005) The worm has turned—microbial virulence modeled in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trends Microbiol 13:119–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hilbi H, Weber SS, Ragaz C et al (2007) Environmental predators as models for bacterial pathogenesis. Environ Microbiol 9:563–575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Mellies JL, Lawrence-Pine ER (2010) Interkingdom signaling between pathogenic bacteria and Caenorhabditis elegans. Trends Microbiol 18:448–454

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Irazoqui JE, Urbach JM, Ausubel FM (2010) Evolution of host innate defence: insights from Caenorhabditis elegans and primitive invertebrates. Nat Rev Immunol 10:47–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Brenner S (1974) The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 77:71–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hope IA (1999) C. elegans: a practical approach. In: Hope IA (ed) The practical approach series. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 181–199

    Google Scholar 

  7. Millet AC, Ewbank JJ (2004) Immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Opin Immunol 16:4–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Nicholas HR, Hodgkin J (2004) Responses to infection and possible recognition strategies in the innate immune system of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Immunol 41:479–493

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pujol N, Link EM, Liu LX et al (2001) A reverse genetic analysis of components of the Toll signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Biol 11:809–821

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Troemel ER, Chu SW, Reinke V et al (2006) p38 MAPK regulates expression of immune response genes and contributes to longevity in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2:e183. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Schulenburg H, Ewbank JJ (2007) The genetics of pathogen avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Microbiol 66:563–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pradel E, Zhang Y, Pujol N et al (2007) Detection and avoidance of a natural product from the pathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens by Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:2295–2300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tenor JL, Aballay A (2008) A conserved Toll-like receptor is required for Caenorhabditis elegans innate immunity. EMBO Rep 9:103–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim DH, Feinbaum R, Alloing G et al (2002) A conserved p38 MAP kinase pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans innate immunity. Science 297:623–626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Garsin DA, Villanueva JM, Begun J et al (2003) Long-lived C. elegans daf-2 mutants are resistant to bacterial pathogens. Science 300:1921

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Aballay A, Yorgey P, Ausubel FM (2000) Salmonella typhimurium proliferates and establishes a persistent infection in the intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Biol 10:1539–1542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kinchen JM, Hengartner MO (2005) Tales of cannibalism, suicide, and murder: programmed cell death in C. elegans. Curr Top Dev Biol 65:1–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mizuno T, Hisamoto N, Terada T et al (2004) The Caenorhabditis elegans MAPK phosphatase VHP-1 mediates a novel JNK-like signaling pathway in stress response. EMBO J 23:2226–2234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Darby C (2005) Interactions with microbial pathogens, WormBook (ed). The C. elegans Research Community, WormBook, doi/10.1895/wormbook.1.21.1. http://www.wormbook.org

  20. Caffrey DR, O’Neill LA, Shields DC (1999) The evolution of the MAP kinase pathways: coduplication of interacting proteins leads to new signaling cascades. J Mol Evol 49:567–582

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Plowman GD, Sudarsanam S, Bingham J et al (1999) The protein kinases of Caenorhabditis elegans: a model for signal transduction in the multicellular organisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13603–13610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kim DH, Liberati NT, Mizuno T et al (2004) Integration of Caenorhabditis elegans MAPK pathways mediating immunity and stress resistance by MEK-1 MAPK kinase and VHP-1 MAPK phosphatase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:10990–10994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Brassinga AKC, Kinchen JM, Cupp ME et al (2010) Caenorhabditis is a metazoan host for Legionella. Cell Microbiol 12:343–361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Welsh CT, Summersgill JT, Miller RD (2004) Increases in c-Jun N-Terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and p38 activity in monocyte-derived macrophages following the uptake of Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 72:1512–1518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Abu-Zant A, Santic M, Molmeret M et al (2005) Incomplete activation of macrophage apoptosis during intracellular replication of Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 73:5339–5349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Alper S, Laws R, Lackford B et al (2008) Identification of innate immunity genes and pathways using a comparative genomics approach. Mol Cell Biol 27:5544–5553

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Mathieu Pinette for his comments and suggestions. This work was supported by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Early Career Award to C.D.S., and a National Science and Engineering Council Discovery Grant, a Canadian Foundation for Innovation, a Manitoba Medical Service Foundation Award, and a Manitoba Health Research Council Establishment Grant to A.K.C.B.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ann Karen C. Brassinga .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Brassinga, A.K.C., Sifri, C.D. (2013). The Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Legionella Infection. In: Buchrieser, C., Hilbi, H. (eds) Legionella. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 954. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-161-5_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-161-5_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-160-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-161-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics