Abstract
Xylem and phloem are essential for the exchange of solutes and signals among organs of land plants. The synergy of both enables the transport and ultimately the partitioning of water, nutrients, metabolic products and signals among the organs of plants. The collection and analysis of xylem sap allow at least qualitative assumptions about bulk transport in the transpiration stream. For quantification of element-, ion-, and compound-flow, the additional estimation of volume flow is necessary. In this chapter we describe methods for collecting xylem sap by (1) root pressure exudate, (2) Scholander-Hammel pressure vessel, (3) root pressurizing method according to Passioura, and (4) (hand/battery) vacuum pump.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Peuke AD (2010) Correlations in concentrations, xylem and phloem flows, and partitioning of elements and ions in intact plants. A summary and statistical re-evaluation of modelling experiments in Ricinus communis. J Exp Bot 61:635–655
Steudle E (2001) The cohesion-tension mechanism and the acquisition of water by plant roots. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:847–875
Scholander PF, Hammel HT, Bradstreet ED, Hemmingsen EA (1965) Sap pressure in vascular plants. Science 148:339–346
Passioura JB (1980) The transport of water from soil to shoot in wheat seedlings. J Exp Bot 31:333–345
Milburn JA, Ranasinghe MS (1996) A comparison of methods for studying pressure and solute potentials in xylem and also in phloem laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. J Exp Bot 47:135–143
Schurr U, Schulze E-D (1995) The concentration of xylem sap constituents in root exudate, and in sap from intact, transpiring castor bean plants (Ricinus communis L.). Plant Cell Environ 18:409–420
Schill V, Hartung H, Orthen B, Weiseel MH (1996) The xylem sap of maple (Acer platanoides) trees – sap obtained by a novel method shows changes with season and height. J Exp Bot 47:12–133
Malone M, Herron M, Morales M-A (2002) Continuous measurement of macronutrient ions in the transpiration stream of intact plants using the meadow spittlebug coupled with ion chromatography. Plant Phys 130:1436–1442
Acknowledgment
We thank Kalliopi Radoglou and Vassiliki Tsioga for providing us with photos of the Scholander device and vacuum pump.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Alexou, M., Peuke, A.D. (2013). Methods for Xylem Sap Collection. In: Maathuis, F. (eds) Plant Mineral Nutrients. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 953. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-152-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-152-3_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-151-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-152-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols