Skip to main content

Choice of Surrogate and Physiological Markers for Prenatal Gene Therapy

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
  • 1517 Accesses

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 891))

Abstract

Surrogate genetically encoded markers have been utilized in order to analyze gene transfer efficacy, location, and persistence. These marker genes have greatly accelerated the development of gene transfer vectors for the ultimate application of gene therapy using therapeutic genes. They have also been used in many other applications, such as gene marking in order to study developmental cell lineages, to track cell migration, and to study tumor growth and metastasis. This chapter aims to describe the analysis of several commonly used marker genes: green fluorescent protein (GFP), β-galactosidase, firefly luciferase, human factor IX, and alkaline phosphatase. The merits and disadvantages of each are briefly discussed. In addition a few short examples are provided for continual and endpoint analysis in different disease models including hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and Gaucher disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Eglitis MA, Kantoff P, Gilboa E et al (1985) Gene expression in mice after high efficiency retroviral-mediated gene transfer. Science 230:1395–1398

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Morral N, O’Neal W, Zhou H et al (1997) Immune responses to reporter proteins and high viral dose limit duration of expression with adenoviral vectors: comparison of E2a wild type and E2a deleted vectors. Hum Gene Ther 8:1275–1286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Berger J, Hauber J, Hauber R et al (1988) Secreted placental alkaline phosphatase: a powerful new quantitative indicator of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Gene 66:1–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Christou C, Parks RJ (2011) Rational design of murine secreted alkaline phosphatase for enhanced performance as a reporter gene in mouse gene therapy preclinical studies. Hum Gene Ther 22:499–506

    Google Scholar 

  5. Naylor LH (1999) Reporter gene technology: the future looks bright. Biochem Pharmacol 58:749–757

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Waddington SN, Nivsarkar M, Mistry A et al (2004) Permanent phenotypic correction of Haemophilia B in immunocompetent mice by prenatal gene therapy. Blood 104:2714–2721

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Misteli T, Spector DL (1997) Applications of the green fluorescent protein in cell biology and biotechnology. Nat Biotechnol 15:961–964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wu JC, Sundaresan G, Iyer M et al (2001) Noninvasive optical imaging of firefly luciferase reporter gene expression in skeletal muscles of living mice. Mol Ther 4:297–306

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Buckley SMK, Howe SJ, Rahim AA et al (2008) Luciferin detection after intra-nasal vector delivery is improved by intra-nasal rather than intra-peritoneal luciferin administration. Hum Gene Ther 19:1050–1056

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Branchini BR, Ablamsky DM, Davis AL et al (2010) Red-emitting luciferases for bioluminescence reporter and imaging applications. Anal Biochem 396:290–297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Branchini BR, Ablamsky DM, Murtiashaw MH, et al (2006) Thermostable red and green light-producing firefly luciferase mutants for bioluminescent reporter applications. Anal Biochem 22:499–506

    Google Scholar 

  12. Liu HS, Jan MS, Chou CK et al (1999) Is green fluorescent protein toxic to the living cells? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 260:712–717

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bell P, Vandenberghe LH, Wu D et al (2007) A comparative analysis of novel fluorescent proteins as reporters for gene transfer studies. J Histochem Cytochem 55:931–939

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mian A, McCormack WM Jr, Mane V et al (2004) Long-term correction of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency by WPRE-mediated overexpression using a helper-dependent adenovirus. Mol Ther 10:492–499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Enquist IB, Bianco CL, Ooka A et al (2007) Murine models of acute neuronopathic Gaucher disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 17483–17488

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Franks NP, Jenkins A, Conti E et al (1998) Structural basis for the inhibition of firefly luciferase by a general anesthetic. Biophys J 75: 2205–2211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simon N. Waddington PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Delhove, J.M.K.M., Rahim, A.A., McKay, T.R., Waddington, S.N., Buckley, S.M.K. (2012). Choice of Surrogate and Physiological Markers for Prenatal Gene Therapy. In: Coutelle, C., Waddington, S. (eds) Prenatal Gene Therapy. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 891. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-873-3_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-873-3_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-872-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-873-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics