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Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries II pp 93–98Cite as

Infarct Measurement in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: TTC Staining

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Abstract

Focal cerebral ischemia is the commonest type of human strokes. Several animal models of focal brain ischemia have been developed to resemble human strokes closely. Infarct volume is an essential indicator of how severe the ischemic damage is 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining is a frequently used method to determine the infarct induced by focal cerebral ischemia in rat or mouse. TTC is white salt and substrate of dehydrogenases. TTC metabolite is a red dye, which turns the cell red. As a result, viable tissue is stained red while dead tissue is left unstained. This chapter introduces TTC stain’s brief history, required material and tools, and typical procedure and its alternative approaches.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology and the Center for Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Feng Zhang & Jun Chen

Authors
  1. Feng Zhang
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  2. Jun Chen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun Chen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Terrace St. 3500, Pittsburgh, 15213, Pennsylvania, USA

    Jun Chen

  2. School of Medicine, Stark Neurosciences Res. Inst., Indiana University, W. Walnut St. 950, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA

    Xiao-Ming Xu

  3. School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University, Barnhill Dr. 635, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA

    Zao C. Xu

  4. School of Medicine, Dept. Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Anderson St. 11234, Loma Linda, 92354, California, USA

    John H. Zhang

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Zhang, F., Chen, J. (2012). Infarct Measurement in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: TTC Staining. In: Chen, J., Xu, XM., Xu, Z., Zhang, J. (eds) Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries II. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-782-8_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-782-8_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-781-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-782-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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