Vertebrate Embryogenesis pp 551-569 | Cite as
Cloning Mice and ES Cells by Nuclear Transfer from Somatic Stem Cells and Fully Differentiated Cells
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Abstract
Cloning animals by nuclear transfer (NT) has been successful in several mammalian species. In addition to cloning live animals (reproductive cloning), this technique has also been used in several species to establish cloned embryonic stem (ntES) cell lines from somatic cells. It is the latter application of this technique that has been heralded as being the potential means to produce isogenic embryonic stem cells from patients for cell therapy (therapeutic cloning). These two types of cloning differ only in the steps after cloned embryos are produced: for reproductive cloning the cloned embryos are transferred to surrogate mothers to allow them to develop to full term and for therapeutic cloning the cloned embryos are used to derive ntES cells. In this chapter, a detailed NT protocol in mouse by using somatic stem cells (neuron and skin stem cells) and fully differentiated somatic cells (cumulus cells and fibroblast cells) as nuclear donors is described.
Key words
Nuclear transfer animal cloning epigenetic reprogramming ES cell ntES cell somatic stem cell oocyte embryoNotes
Acknowledgments
The work is supported by Hematech, Inc. The author thanks Emma Wang from Harvard College for proofreading the manuscript.
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