Abstract
T cells recognize antigens via the T-cell receptor (TCR). Diversity in antigen recognition by T cells is generated in part by the recombination of V, (D), J, and C segments of the TCR. It is further enhanced by the N region, in addition to non-germline-encoded nucleotides at the V–(D)–J junction. It is generally believed that each T cell bears a distinct clonotype of TCR and that each clonotype is responsible for an antigen-specific T-cell response. T-cell clonal expansion has been detected in the peripheral blood or the disease-affected sites in patients with infections, autoimmune diseases, malignancy, and post-transplantation complications. Since antigen stimulation of T cells induces the proliferation of specific T cells, clonal T-cell expansion is considered to be a result of an antigen-specific immune response. For the analysis of such antigen-specific T cells, it is common to use their specific antigens if they are known. However, there are many diseases, such as periodontal diseases, in which there are a number of putative pathogenic antigens involved. In these circumstances, the detection of clonally expanded T cells is an effective method to evaluate whether antigen-specific immune responses are involved, since only a few clonally expanded T cells are detected in healthy individuals. In addition, the characterization of any clonally expanded T cells that are detected would further promote the understanding of the disease mechanisms. By using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, we demonstrated that oligoclonal T-cell accumulation was present in periodontitis lesions, in contrast to a heterogeneous T-cell population in the peripheral blood. SSCP is a powerful tool for analyzing specific T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Drs. Yutaka Ohsawa and Takako Nakajima for their technical assistance. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (19390536, 20659325) and the Promotion of Niigata University Research Project. Pacific Edit reviewed the manuscript prior to submission.
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Yamazaki, K., Ito, H. (2010). Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis for the Diagnosis of T-Cell Clonality in Periodontal Disease. In: Seymour, G., Cullinan, M., Heng, N. (eds) Oral Biology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 666. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-820-1_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-820-1_22
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