Abstract
In this chapter, we review the theoretical and experimental foundations underling a quantitative approach to Ca2+ imaging, discuss equilibrium conditions and their violations and present a computational framework that can be used to estimate the spatial and temporal dynamics of Ca2+ signals based of fluorescence measurements with Ca2+ indicators.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Note that, because of (3.3), the c T in (3.4) is the same as in (3.8)–(3.10).
References
Tsien RY (1980) New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures. Biochemistry 19(11):2396–2404
Wu YC, Tucker T, Fettiplace R (1996) A theoretical study of calcium microdomains in turtle hair cells. Biophys J 71(5):2256–2275
Bortolozzi M, Lelli A, Mammano F (2008) Calcium microdomains at presynaptic active zones of vertebrate hair cells unmasked by stochastic deconvolution. Cell Calcium 44(2):158–168
Thomas D et al (2000) A comparison of fluorescent Ca2+ indicator properties and their use in measuring elementary and global Ca2+ signals. Cell Calcium 28(4):213–223
Hyrc KL, Bownik JM, Goldberg MP (2000) Ionic selectivity of low-affinity ratiometric calcium indicators: mag-Fura-2, Fura-2FF and BTC. Cell Calcium 27(2):75–86
Grynkiewicz G, Poenie M, Tsien RY (1985) A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. J Biol Chem 260(6):3440–3450
Kao JPY (1994) Practical aspects of measuring [Ca2+] with fluorescent indicators. In: Nuccitelli R (ed) A practical guide to the study of calcium in living cells. Academic, San Diego, p 155–181
Lipp P, Niggli E (1993) Ratiometric confocal Ca(2+)-measurements with visible wavelength indicators in isolated cardiac myocytes. Cell Calcium 14(5):359–372
Miyawaki A et al (1997) Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin. Nature 388(6645):882–887
Truong K et al (2001) FRET-based in vivo Ca2+ imaging by a new calmodulin-GFP fusion molecule. Nat Struct Biol 8(12):1069–1073
Palmer AE, Tsien RY (2006) Measuring calcium signaling using genetically targetable fluorescent indicators. Nat Protoc 1(3):1057–1065
Heim N et al (2007) Improved calcium imaging in transgenic mice expressing a troponin C-based biosensor. Nat Methods 4(2):127–129
Wallace DJ et al (2008) Single-spike detection in vitro and in vivo with a genetic Ca2+ sensor. Nat Methods 5(9):797–804
Hendel T et al (2008) Fluorescence changes of genetic calcium indicators and OGB-1 correlated with neural activity and calcium in vivo and in vitro. J Neurosci 28(29):7399–7411
Neher E (1995) The use of fura-2 for estimating Ca buffers and Ca fluxes. Neuropharmacology 34(11):1423–1442
Helmchen F, Imoto K, Sakmann B (1996) Ca2+ buffering and action potential-evoked Ca2+ signaling in dendrites of pyramidal neurons. Biophys J 70(2):1069–1081
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL (2003) Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4(7):517–529
Verkhratsky A (2005) Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium store in the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons. Physiol Rev 85(1):201–279
Rizzuto R, Pozzan T (2006) Microdomains of intracellular Ca2+: molecular determinants and functional consequences. Physiol Rev 86(1):369–408
Dumont RA et al (2001) Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2a is the PMCA of hair bundles. J Neurosci 21(14):5066–5078
Goldbeter A, Dupont G, Berridge MJ (1990) Minimal model for signal-induced Ca2+ oscillations and for their frequency encoding through protein phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87(4):1461–1465
Lumpkin EA, Hudspeth AJ (1998) Regulation of free Ca2+ concentration in hair-cell stereocilia. J Neurosci 18(16):6300–6318
Crank J (1975) The mathematics of diffusion, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, London, p 424
Canepari M, Mammano F (1999) Imaging neuronal calcium fluorescence at high spatio-temporal resolution. J Neurosci Methods 87(1):1–11
Roberts WM (1994) Localization of calcium signals by a mobile calcium buffer in frog saccular hair cells. J Neurosci 14(5 Pt 2):3246–3262
Klingauf J, Neher E (1997) Modeling buffered Ca2+ diffusion near the membrane: implications for secretion in neuroendocrine cells. Biophys J 72(2 Pt 1):674–690
Nowycky MC, Pinter MJ (1993) Time courses of calcium and calcium-bound buffers following calcium influx in a model cell. Biophys J 64(1):77–91
Riley MR et al (1995) Monte Carlo simulation of diffusion and reaction in two-dimensional cell structures. Biophys J 68(5):1716–1726
Saxton MJ (1994) Anomalous diffusion due to obstacles: a Monte Carlo study. Biophys J 66(2 Pt 1):394–401
Saxton MJ (1996) Anomalous diffusion due to binding: a Monte Carlo study. Biophys J 70(3):1250–1262
Bartol TM Jr et al (1991) Monte Carlo simulation of miniature endplate current generation in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Biophys J 59(6):1290–1307
Kruk PJ, Korn H, Faber DS (1997) The effects of geometrical parameters on synaptic transmission: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Biophys J 73(6):2874–2890
Olveczky BP, Verkman AS (1998) Monte Carlo analysis of obstructed diffusion in three dimensions: application to molecular diffusion in organelles. Biophys J 74(5):2722–2730
Stibitz GR (1969) Calculating diffusion in biological systems by random walks with special reference to gases diffusion in the lung. Respir Physiol 7(2):230–262
Gil A et al (2000) Monte carlo simulation of 3-D buffered Ca(2+) diffusion in neuroendocrine cells. Biophys J 78(1):13–33
Bennett MR, Farnell L, Gibson WG (2000) The probability of quantal secretion near a single calcium channel of an active zone. Biophys J 78(5):2201–2221
Segura J, Gil A, Soria B (2000) Modeling study of exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells: influence of the geometrical parameters. Biophys J 79(4):1771–1786
Coggan JS et al (2005) Evidence for ectopic neurotransmission at a neuronal synapse. Science 309(5733):446–451
He L et al (2006) Two modes of fusion pore opening revealed by cell-attached recordings at a synapse. Nature 444(7115):102–105
Stern MD, Cheng H (2004) Putting out the fire: what terminates calcium-induced calcium release in cardiac muscle? Cell Calcium 35(6):591–601
Maravall M et al (2000) Estimating intracellular calcium concentrations and buffering without wavelength ratioing. Biophys J 78(5):2655–2667
Woodruff ML et al (2002) Measurement of cytoplasmic calcium concentration in the rods of wild-type and transducin knock-out mice. J Physiol 542(Pt 3):843–854
Hiraoka Y, Sedat JW, Agard DA (1990) Determination of three-dimensional imaging properties of a light microscope system. Partial confocal behavior in epifluorescence microscopy. Biophys J 57(2):325–333
Poenie M (2006) Fluorescent calcium indicators based on BAPTA. In: Putney JW Jr (ed) Calcium signaling. CRC Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, p 1–50.
Beltramello M et al (2005) Impaired permeability to Ins(1, 4, 5)P3 in a mutant connexin underlies recessive hereditary deafness. Nat Cell Biol 7(1):63–69
Spiden SL et al (2008) The novel mouse mutation Oblivion inactivates the PMCA2 pump and causes progressive hearing loss. PLoS Genet 4(10):e1000238
Lelli A et al (2003) Presynaptic calcium stores modulate afferent release in vestibular hair cells. J Neurosci 23(17):6894–6903
Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by grants to FM from Fondazione Cariparo (Progetti di Eccellenza 2006), MIUR PRIN Grant n. 2007BZ4RX3_003 and the European commission FP6 Integrated Project EuroHear (LSHGCT20054512063) under the Sixth Research Frame Program of The European Union. We thank the Editor of this book, Alexej Verkhratsky, for discussions and constructive criticism.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mammano, F., Bortolozzi, M. (2010). Ca2+ Imaging: Principles of Analysis and Enhancement. In: Verkhratsky, A., Petersen, O. (eds) Calcium Measurement Methods. Neuromethods, vol 43. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-476-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-476-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-475-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-476-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols