Skip to main content

Cell Synchrony Techniques

A Comparison of Methods

  • Protocol

Part of the book series: Biological Methods ((BM))

Abstract

With the development of the technique of autoradiography by Howard and Pelc (16), the mammalian cell cycle has become a topic of considerable interest and study. To facilitate this effort, investigators have directed their attention to the development of techniques for use in obtaining cell populations enriched in selected phases of the cell cycle. The technique of mitotic selection (35) described by Terasima and Tolmach in 1961 is one such approach that has enjoyed widespread use and success. By taking advantage of the property of cells from certain cell lines to detach from the surface of culture vessels during mitosis, cell populations enriched in the mitotic phase could be collected through a gentle shaking process. These cells then progress through the cell cycle in a synchronous manner. The major limitation of this procedure, however, is that it is applicable only to selected cell lines that grow in vitro.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Anderson, E. C., Bell, G. I., Peterson, D. F., and Tobey, R. A. Cell growth and division. IV. Determination of volume growth rate and division probability. Biophys. J., 9: 246–263, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Aqad, S. R., Fox, M, and Winstanley, D. The use of ficoll gradient centrifugation to produce synchrous mouse lymphoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 37: 551–558, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Arndt-Jovin, D. J. and Jovin, T. M. Analysis and sorting of living cells according to deoxyibonucleic acid content. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 25: 585–589, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Barlogie, B., Spitzer, C., Hart, J. S., Johnston, D. A., Buchner, T., Schumann, J., and Drewinko, B. DNA histogram analysis of human haemopoietic cells. Blood, 48: 245–258, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Beck, H. P. A new analytical method for determining duration of phases, rates of DNA synthesis and degree of synchronization from flow cytometric data on synchronized cell populations. Cell Tissue Kinet., 11: 139–148, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bootsma, D., Budke, L., and Vos, O. Studies on synchronous division of tissue culture cells initiated by excess thymidine. Exp. Cell Res., 33: 301–309, 1964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chandler, J. D. Quantum chemistry program exchange. Program 307, Indiana University, Evansville, Ind.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dean, P. N. Data analysis in cell kinetic research. In: (J. W. Gray and Z. Darzynkiewicz, eds.), Techniques in Cell Cycle Analysis, New Jersey: Humana 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Flow Cytometry and Sorting, (M. Melamed, P. Mullaney, and M. Mendelsohn, eds.) New York: John Wiley, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Glick, D., von Redlich, D., Yuhos, E. T., and McEwen, C. R. Separation of mast cells by centrifugal elutriation. Exp. Cell Res., 65: 23–26, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Grabske, R. J. Separating cell populations by elutriation. Fractions, 1: 1–8, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gray, J. W. Cell-cycle analysis of perturbed cell population. Computer simulation of sequential DNA distribution. Cell Tissue Kinet., 9: 499–516, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gray, J. W., Dolbeare, F., Pallavicini, M., and Vanderlaan, M. Flow cytokinetics. In: (J. W. Gray and Z. Darzynkiewicz, eds.) Techniques in Cell Cycle Analysis. New Jersey: Humana 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Grdina, D. J., Meistrich, M. L., Meyn, R. E., Johnson, T. S., and White, R. A. Cell synchrony techniques. I. A comparison of methods. Cell Tisue Kinet., 17: 223–236, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hahn, G. M. State vector description of the proliferation of mammalian cells in tissue culture. I. Exponential growth. Biophys., 6: 275–290, 1966.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Howard, A. and Pelc, S. R. Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid in normal and irradiated cells and its relation to chromosome breakage. Heredity (suppl.), 6: 261–273, 1953.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Johnston, D. A., White, R. A., and Barlogie, B. Automatic processing and interpretation of DNA distributions: comparison of several techniques. Comp. Biomed. Res., 11: 393–404, 1978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Keng, P. C., Li, C. K. N., and Wheeler, K. T. Characterization of the separation properties of the Beckman elutriator system. Cell Biophys., 3: 41–56, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. MacDonald, H. R. and Miller, R. C. Synchronization of mouse L-cells by a velocity sedimentation technique. Biophys. J., 10: 834–842, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Macdonald, P. D. M. Statistical inference from the fraction labelled mitoses curve. Biometrika, 57: 489–511, 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Macdonald, P. D. M. Age distributions in the general cell kinetic model. In: (A.-J. Valleron and P. D. M. Macdonald, eds.), Biomathematics and Cell Kinetics, Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Marquardt, D. W. and Snee, R. D. Ridge regression in practice. Amer. Statistician, 29: 3–30, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Meistrich, M. L., Meyn, R. E., and Barlogie, B. Synchronization of mouse L-P59 cells by centrifugal elutriation separation. Exp. Cell Res., 105: 169–177, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Meistrich, M. L. Experimental factors involved in separation by centrifugal elutriation. In: (T. G. Pretlow and T. P. Pretlow, eds.), Cell Separation: Methods and Selected Applications, vol. 2, Florida: Academic, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Meyn, R. E., Hewitt, R. R., and Humphrey, R. M. Evaluation of S phase synchronization by analysis of DNA replication in S-bromodeoxyuridine. In: (D. M. Prescott, ed.), Methods in Cell Biology, vol. IX, San Francisco: Academic, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Meyn, R. E., Meistrich, M. L., and White, R. A. Cycle-dependent anticancer drug cytotoxicity in mammalian cells synchronized by centrifugal elutriation. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 64: 1215–1219, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Miller, R. G. and Phillips, R. A. Separation of cells by velocity sedimentation. J. Cell. Physiol., 73: 191–202, 1967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Morris, N. R., Cramer, J. W., and Reno, D. A simple method for concentration of cells in the DNA synthetic period of the mitotic cycle. Exp. Cell. Res., 48: 216–218, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rajewsky, M. F. Synchronization in vivo: Kinetics of a malignant cell system following temporary inhibition of DNA synthesis with hydroyurea. Exp. Cell Res., 60: 269–276, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Romsdahl, M. M. Synchronization of human cell lines with colcemid. Exp. Cell Res., 50: 463–467, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Roti Roti, J. L. and Dethlefsen, L. A. Matrix simulation of duodenal crypt cell kinetics. I. The steady state. Cell Tissue Kinet., 8: 321–351, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sinclair, R. and Bishop, A. H. L. Synchronous culture of strain-L mouse cells. Nature (Lond.), 205: 1272–1273, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Sinclair, W. K. Hydroxyurea: Effects on Chinese hamster cells grown in culture. Cancer Res., 27: 297–308, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Stearns, B., Losee, K. A., and Bernsterin, J. Hydroxyurea. A new type of potential antitumor agent. J. Med. Chem., 6: 201, 1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Terasima, T. and Tolmach, L. J. Changes in X-ray sensitivity of HeLa cells during the division cycle. Nature, 190: 1210–1211, 1961.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Thames, H. D. and White, R. A. State-vector models of the cell cycle. I. Parametrization and fits to labeled mitoses data. J. Theor. Biol., 67: 733–756, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Tobey, T. A. and Ley, K. D. Regulation of initiation of DNA synthesis in Chinese hamster cells. I. Production of a stable, reversible G1-arrested population in suspension culture. J. Cell Biol., 46: 151–157, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. White, R. A., Grdina, D. J., Meistrich, M. L., Meyn, R. E., and Johnson, T. S. Comparison of cell synchrony techniques II. Cell Tissue Kinet., 17: 237–245, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Yen, A., Fried, J., Kitahara, T., Strife, A., and Clarkson, B. D. The kinetic significance of cell size. I. Variation of cell cycle parameters with size measured at mitosis. Exp. Cell Res., 95: 295–302, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Zeitz, D. S. FPI Analysis. I. Theoretical outline of a new method to analyze time sequences of DNA histograms. Cell Tissue Kinet., 13: 461–471, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Joe W. Gray Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 The Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Grdina, D.J., Meistrich, M.L., Meyn, R.E., Johnson, T.S., White, R.A. (1987). Cell Synchrony Techniques. In: Gray, J.W., Darzynkiewicz, Z. (eds) Techniques in Cell Cycle Analysis. Biological Methods. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-406-7_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-406-7_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-097-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-406-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics