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Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Animal Models, and Biomarkers: What Is New?

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Bioinformatics Methods in Clinical Research

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 593))

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological term that encompasses a spectrum of abnormalities ranging from simple triglyceride accumulation in the hepatocytes (hepatic steatosis) to hepatic steatosis with inflammation (steatohepatitis, also known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH). NASH can also progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Steatohepatitis has been estimated to affect around 5% of the total population and 20% of those who are overweight. The mechanisms leading to NASH and its progression to cirrhosis and HCC remain unclear, but it is a condition typically associated with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia. This point corroborates the need for animal models and molecular markers that allow us to understand the mechanisms underlying this disease. Nowadays, there are numerous mice models to study abnormal liver function such as steatosis, NASH, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The study of the established animal models has provided many clues in the pathogenesis of steatosis and steatohepatitis, although these remain incompletely understood and no mice model completely fulfills the clinical features observed in humans.

In addition, there is a lack of accurate sensitive diagnostic tests that do not involve invasive procedures. Current laboratory tests include some biochemical analysis, but their utility for diagnosing NASH is still poor. For that reason, a great effort is being made toward the identification and validation of novel biomarkers to assess NASH using high-throughput analysis based on genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. The most recent discoveries and their validation will be discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metabolomics, Parque Technológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain

    Usue Ariz, Jose Maria Mato & Maria L. Martínez Chantar

  2. Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University Southern California, Los Angeles, USA

    Shelly C. Lu (Professor)

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  1. Usue Ariz
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  2. Jose Maria Mato
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  3. Shelly C. Lu
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  4. Maria L. Martínez Chantar
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  1. Inst. Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal

    Rune Matthiesen

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Ariz, U., Mato, J.M., Lu, S.C., Martínez Chantar, M.L. (2010). Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Animal Models, and Biomarkers: What Is New?. In: Matthiesen, R. (eds) Bioinformatics Methods in Clinical Research. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 593. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-194-3_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-194-3_6

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