Summary
Phage libraries displaying millions of peptides with randomized sequences are extremely useful tools for mapping antibody epitopes. In many cases, antibodies are able to select peptides with reasonable affinity for their combining sites (paratopes) from these libraries. Ideally, consensus motives can be deduced from multiple peptide sequences and matched to areas of the antigen against which the antibody was raised. That way, critical components of the antibody epitope can be defined. This chapter focuses on technical details of epitope mapping employing pre-made filamentous phage peptide display libraries. Examples are given for illustration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Parmley, S. F. and Smith, G. P. (1988) Antibody-selectable filamentous fd phage vectors: affinity purification of target genes. Gene 73, 305–318.
Smith, G. P. (1985) Filamentous fusion phage: novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface. Science 228, 1315–1317.
Cwirla, S. E., Peters, E. A., Barrett, R. W., and Dower, W. J. (1990) Peptides on phage: a vast library of peptides for identifying ligands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6378–6382.
Devlin, J. J., Panganiban, L. C., and Devlin, P. E. (1990) Random peptide libraries: a source of specific protein binding molecules. Science 249, 404–406.
Scott, J. K. and Smith, G. P. (1990) Searching for peptide ligands with an epitope library. Science 249, 386–390.
Kehoe, J. W. and Kay, B. K. (2005) Filamentous phage display in the new millennium. Chem. Rev. 105, 4056–4072.
Smith, G. P. and Petrenko, V. A. (1997) Phage Display. Chem. Rev. 97, 391–410.
Pini, A., Giuliani, A., Ricci, C., Runci, Y., and Bracci, L. (2004) Strategies for the construction and use of peptide and antibody libraries displayed on phages. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 5, 487–496.
Rowley, M. J., O’Connor, K., and Wijeyewickrema, L. (2004) Phage display for epitope determination: a paradigm for identifying receptor-ligand interactions. Biotechnol. Annu. Rev. 10, 151–188.
Szardenings, M. (2003) Phage display of random peptide libraries: applications, limits, and potential. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 23, 307–349.
Sternberg, N. and Hoess, R. H. (1995) Display of peptides and proteins on the surface of bacteriophage lambda. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 1609–1613.
Efimov, V. P., Nepluev, I. V., and Mesyanzhinov, V. V. (1995) Bacteriophage T4 as a surface display vector. Virus Genes 10, 173–177.
Krumpe, L. R., Atkinson, A. J., Smythers, G. W., Kandel, A., Schumacher, K. M., McMahon, J. B., Makowski, L., and Mori, T. (2006) T7 lytic phage-displayed peptide libraries exhibit less sequence bias than M13 filamentous phage-displayed peptide libraries. Proteomics 6, 4210–4222.
Lindqvist, B. H. and Naderi, S. (1995) Peptide presentation by bacteriophage P4. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 17, 33–39.
Stahl, S. and Uhlen, M. (1997) Bacterial surface display: trends and progress. Trends Biotechnol. 15, 185–192.
Smith, G. P. and Scott, J. K. (1993) Libraries of peptides and proteins displayed on filamentous phage. Methods Enzymol. 217, 228–257.
Bottger, V. (2001) Epitope mapping with random peptide libraries, in Antibody engineering (Kontermann, R. and Dubel, S., eds.), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 460–472.
Bottger, V., Bottger, A., Lane, E. B., and Spruce, B. A. (1995) Comprehensive epitope analysis of monoclonal anti-proenkephalin antibodies using phage display libraries and synthetic peptides: revelation of antibody fine specificities caused by somatic mutations in the variable region genes. J. Mol. Biol. 247, 932–946.
Bottger, V. and Lane, E. B. (1994) A monoclonal antibody epitope on keratin 8 identified using a phage peptide library. J. Mol. Biol. 235, 61–67.
Bottger, V., Stasiak, P. C., Harrison, D. L., Mellerick, D. M., and Lane, E. B. (1995) Epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies to keratin 19 using keratin fragments, synthetic peptides and phage peptide libraries. Eur. J. Biochem. 231, 475–485.
Kirschenhofer, A., Magdolen, V., Schmitt, M., Albrecht, S., Krol, J., Farthmann, J., Kopitz, C., Prezas, P., Kruger, A., Luther, T., and Bottger, V. (2003) Recombinant single chain antibody scFv-IIIF10 directed to human urokinase receptor. Recent Res. Devel. Cancer 5, 9–25.
D’Mello, F. and Howard, C. R. (2001) An improved selection procedure for the screening of phage display peptide libraries. J. Immunol. Methods 247, 191–203.
Bublil, E. M., Freund, N. T., Mayrose, I., Penn, O., Roitburd-Berman, A., Rubinstein, N. D., Pupko, T., and Gershoni, J. M. (2007) Stepwise prediction of conformational discontinuous B-cell epitopes using the Mapitope algorithm. Proteins 68, 294–304.
Gershoni, J. M., Roitburd-Berman, A., Siman-Tov, D. D., Tarnovitski Freund, N., and Weiss, Y. (2007) Epitope mapping: the first step in developing epitope-based vaccines. Biodrugs 21, 145–156.
Irving, M. B., Pan, O., and Scott, J. K. (2001) Random-peptide libraries and antigen-fragment libraries for epitope mapping and the development of vaccines and diagnostics. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 5, 314–324.
Luther, T., Magdolen, V., Albrecht, S., Kasper, M., Riemer, C., Kessler, H., Graeff, H., Muller, M., and Schmitt, M. (1997) Epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies as tools for functional and morphological analyses of the human urokinase receptor in tumor tissue. Am. J. Pathol. 150, 1231–1244.
Spruce, B. A., Curtis, R., Wilkin, G. P., and Glover, D. M. (1990) A neuropeptide precursor in cerebellum: proenkephalin exists in subpopulations of both neurons and astrocytes. EMBO J. 9, 1787–1795.
Kay, B. K., Kasanov, J., and Yamabhai, M. (2001) Screening phage-displayed combinatorial peptide libraries. Methods 24, 240–246.
Noren, K. A. and Noren, C. J. (2001) Construction of high-complexity combinatorial phage display peptide libraries. Methods 23, 169–178.
Menendez, A. and Scott, J. K. (2005) The nature of target-unrelated peptides recovered in the screening of phage-displayed random peptide libraries with antibodies. Anal. Biochem. 336, 145–157.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Böttger, V., Böttger, A. (2009). Epitope Mapping Using Phage Display Peptide Libraries. In: Schutkowski, M., Reineke, U. (eds) Epitope Mapping Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 524. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-450-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-450-6_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-934115-17-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-450-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols