Summary
Capillary electrophoresis has recently attracted considerable attention as a promising analytical technique for metal ion separations. Significant advances in various auxiliary separation principles have opened new application areas for capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of metal species. These advances are mainly due to complexation, ion pairing, solvation and micellization interactions between metal analytes and electrolyte additives, which alter the separation selectivity in a broad range. Likewise, many separation studies on metal ions have been concentrated on the use of pre-electrophoresis derivatization methodology. Approaches suitable for improvement of selectivity for different metal species including metal cations, metal complexes, metal oxoanions and organometallic compounds are discussed, with special attention paid to the related electrophoretic system variables using illustrative examples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Timerbaev, A. R. (1997) Strategies for selectivity control in capillary electrophoresis of metal species. J. Chromatogr. A. 792, 495–518.
Timerbaev, A. R. (2002) Recent advances and tends in capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions. Electrophoresis 23, 3884–3906.
Boyce, M. C., and Haddad, P. R. (2003) Tailoring the separation of metal complexes and organometallic compounds resolved by capillary electrophoresis using auxillary separation processes. Electrophoresis 24, 2013–2022.
Timerbaev, A. R. (2004) Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: an update. Electrophoresis 25, 4008–4031.
Shaw, M. J., and Haddad P. R. (2004) The determination of trace metal pollutants in environmental matrices using ion chromatography. Environ. Int. 30, 403–431.
Foret, F., Fanali S., Nardi, A., and Bocek, P. (1990) Capillary zone electrophoresis of rare earth metals with indirect UV absorbance detection. Electrophoresis 11, 780–783.
Weston, A., Brown, P. R., Jandik, P., Jones, W. R., and Heckenberg, A. L. (1992) Optimization of detection sensitivity in the analysis of inorganic cations by capillary ion electrophoresis using indirect photometric detection. J. Chromatogr. 593, 289.
Chen, M., and Cassidy, R. M. (1993) Separation of metal ions by capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. 640, 425–431.
Shi, Y., and Fritz, J. S. (1993) Separation of metal ions by capillary electrophoresis with a complexing electrolyte. J. Chromatogr. 640, 473–479.
Quang, C., and Khaledi, M. G. (1994) A Prediction and optimization of the separation of metal cations by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. J. Chromatogr. 659, 459–466.
Shi, Y., and Fritz, J. S. (1994) New electrolyte systems for the determination of metal cations by capillary zone electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A. 671, 429–435.
Lee, Y. H., and Lin, T. I. (1994) Determination of metal cations by capillary electrophoresis effect of background carrier and complexing agents. J. Chromatogr. A. 675, 227–236.
Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E., and Dlouhy J. F. (1995) Application of capillary electrophoresis in atmospheric aerosol analysis: determination of cations. J. Chromatogr. A. 706, 527–534.
Francois, C., Morin, Ph., and Dreux, M. (1995) Separation of transition metal cations by capillary electrophoresis optimization of complexing agent concentrations (lactic acid and 18-crown-6). J. Chromatogr. A. 717, 393–408.
Haber, C., Jones, W. R., Soglia, J., et al. (1996) Conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis—a powerful tool in ion analysis. J. Cap. Electrophor. 3, 11.
Verma, S. P., Roberto, G., Santoyoa, E., and Apariciob, A. (2000) Improved capillary electrophoresis method for measuring rare-earth elements in synthetic geochemical standards, J. Chromatogr. A. 884, 317–328.
Wang, T., and Li, S. F. Y. (I995) Migration behaviour of alkali and alkaline-earth metal ion-EDTA complexes and quantitative analysis of magnesium in real samples by capillary electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 707, 343–353.
Timerbaev, A. R., Semenova, O. E., and Fritz, J. S. (1996) Advanced possibilities on multi-element separation and detection of metal ions by capillary zone electrophoresis using precapillary complexation I. Separation aspects. J. Chromatogr. A. 756, 300–306.
Zhang, H. W., Jia, L., and Hu, Z. D. (1995) Determination of palladium(II) as a chloro complex by capillary zone electrophoresis, J. of Chromatogr. A. 704, 242–246.
Baraj, B., Martinez, M., Sastre, A., and Manuel, A. (1995) Simultaneous determination of Cr(III), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Pb(II) as UV-absorbing EDTA complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis, J. of Chromatogr. A., 6 95, 103–111.
Feng, H., Wang, T., Fong, S., and Li, Y. (2003) Sensitive determination of trace-metal elements in tea with capillary electrophoresis by using chelating agent 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR). Food Chem. 81, 607–611.
Evans L., and Collins, G. E. (2001) Separation of uranium (VI) and transition metal ions with 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol by capillary electrophoresis. J. of Chromatogr. A. 911, 127–133.
Tangen, A., Lund, W., and Frederiksen, R. B. (1997) Determination of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in mixtures of seawater and formation water by capillary electrophoresis J. of Chromatogr. A. 767, 311–317.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Malik, A.K. (2008). Metal Analysis With Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. In: Schmitt-Kopplin, P. (eds) Capillary Electrophoresis. Methods In Molecular Biology™, vol 384. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_2
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-539-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-376-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols