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Modeling the Impact of Alcohol on Cortical Development in a Dish: Strategies from Mapping Neural Stem Cell Fate

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Alcohol

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 447))

Summary

During the second trimester period, neuroepithelial stem cells give birth to millions of new neuroblasts, which migrate away from their germinal zones to populate the developing brain and terminally differentiate into neurons. During this period, large numbers of cells are also eliminated by programmed cell death. Therefore, the second trimester constitutes an important critical period for neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. Substantial evidence indicates that teratogens like ethanol can interfere with neuronal maturation. However, there is a paucity of good model systems to study early, second trimester events. In vivo models are inherently interpretatively complex because cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and death mechanisms occur concurrently in regions like the cerebral cortex. This temporal overlap of multiple developmental critical periods makes it difficult to evaluate the relative vulnerability of any individual critical period. Our laboratory has elected to utilize fetal rodent cerebral cortical-derived neurosphere cultures as an experimental model of the second-trimester ventricular neuroepithelium. This model has enabled us to use flow cytometric approaches to identify neuroepithelial stem cell and progenitor sub-populations and to show that ethanol accelerates the maturation of neural stem cells. We have also developed a simplified mitogen-withdrawal/matrix-adhesion paradigm to model the exit of neuroepithelial cells from the ventricular zone towards the subventricular zone and cortical plate, and their maturation into multipolar neurons. We can treat neurosphere cultures with ethanol to mimic exposure during the period of neuroepithelial proliferation and by using the step-wise maturation model, ask questions about the impact of prior ethanol exposure on the subsequent maturation of neurons as they migrate and undergo terminal differentiation. The combination of neurosphere culture and stepwise maturation models will enable us to dissect out the contributions of specific developmental critical periods to the overall teratology of a drug of abuse like ethanol.

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Acknowledgements

Supported by a grant from the NIH/NIAAA (#AA13440) to RCM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station,  , TX, USA

    Rajesh C. Miranda PhD, Daniel R. Santillano MD,PhD, Cynthia Camarillo PhD & Douglas Dohrman PhD

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  1. Rajesh C. Miranda PhD
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  2. Daniel R. Santillano MD,PhD
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  3. Cynthia Camarillo PhD
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  4. Douglas Dohrman PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Gastroenterology and Pathobiology Cleveland Clinic and Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA

    Laura E. Nagy

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© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Miranda, R.C., Santillano, D.R., Camarillo, C., Dohrman, D. (2008). Modeling the Impact of Alcohol on Cortical Development in a Dish: Strategies from Mapping Neural Stem Cell Fate . In: Nagy, L.E. (eds) Alcohol. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 447. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-242-7_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-242-7_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

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