Abstract
Directly turning a somatic cell type into another would be beneficial for producing replacement cells for therapeutic purposes. To this end, novel cell reprogramming strategies are being developed. We describe here methods for functionally reprogramming a somatic cell using an extract derived from another somatic cell type. The procedure involves reversible permeabilization of 293T fibroblasts, incubation of the permeabilized cells in a nuclear and cytoplasmic extract of T-cells, resealing of the “reprogrammed” cells, and culture for assessment of reprogramming. Reprogramming has been evidenced by nuclear uptake and assembly of transcription factors, induction of activity of a chromatin remodeling complex, changes in chromatin composition, activation of lymphoid cell-specific genes, and expression of T–cell-specific surface molecules. The system is likely to constitute a powerful tool to examine the processes of nuclear reprogramming, at least as they occur in vitro.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Blau, H. M. and Blakely, B. T. (1999) Plasticity of cell fate: insights from heterokaryons. Semin. Cell Diff. 10, 267–272.
Tada, M., Takahama, Y., Abe, K., Nakastuji, N., and Tada, T. (2001) Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by in vitro hybridization with ES cells. Curr. Biol. 11, 1553–1558.
Cibelli, J. B., Stice, S. L., Golueke, P. J., et al. (1998) Cloned transgenic calves produced from nonquiescent fetal fibroblasts. Science 280, 1256–1258.
Gurdon, J. B., Laskey, R. A., De Robertis, E. M., and Partington, G. A. (1979) Reprogramming of transplanted nuclei in amphibia. Int. Rev. Cytol. Suppl. 9, 161–178.
Munsie, M. J., Michalska, A. E., O’Brien, C. M., Trounson, A. O., Pera, M. F., and Mountford, P. S. (2000) Isolation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from reprogrammed adult mouse somatic cell nuclei. Curr. Biol. 10, 989–992.
Wilmut, I., Schnieke, A. E., McWhir, J., Kind, A. J., and Campbell, K. H. S. (1997) Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 385, 810–813.
Håkelien, A. M., Landsverk, H. B., Robl, J. M., Skålhegg, B. S., and Collas, P. (2002) Reprogramming fibroblasts to express T-cell functions using cell extracts. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 460–466.
Landsverk, H. B., Håkelien, A. M., Küntziger, T., Robl, J. M., Skålhegg, B. S., and Collas, P. (2002) Reprogrammed gene expression in a somatic cell-free extract. EMBO Rep. 3, 384–389.
Walev, I., Hombach, M., Bobkiewicz, W., Fenske, D., Bhakdi, S., and Husmann, M. (2002) Resealing of large transmembrane pores produced by streptolysin O in nucleated cells is accompanied by NF-kappaB activation and downstream events. FASEB J. 16, 237–239.
Collas, P., Le Guellec, K., and Tasken, K. (1999) The A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP95, is a multivalent protein with a key role in chromatin condensation at mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 147, 1167–1180.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Håkelien, AM., Küntziger, T., Gaustad, K.G., Marstad, A., Collas, P. (2006). In Vitro Reprogramming of Nuclei and Cells. In: Verma, P.J., Trounson, A.O. (eds) Nuclear Transfer Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 348. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-154-3_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-154-3_18
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-280-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-154-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols