Skip to main content

Immunophenotyping of Human B Lymphocytes in Blood and in Adipose Tissue

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Immunophenotyping

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2032))

Abstract

The human obese subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) contributes to systemic and B cell intrinsic inflammation, reduced B cell responses, and increased secretion of autoimmune antibodies. Immune cells are recruited to the SAT by chemokines released by both adipocytes and infiltrating immune cells. We describe here the characterization of B lymphocytes from the SAT and blood (control) of obese females undergoing weight reduction surgeries (breast reduction or panniculectomy). We show how to isolate the immune cells from the blood and SAT, how to characterize B cells and their subsets, and how to measure markers of activation and/or transcription factors in SAT-derived B cells and B cell subsets. We also show how to evaluate other immune cell types infiltrating the SAT, including T cells, NK cells, monocyte/macrophages, in order to measure relative proportions of these cell types as compared to the blood.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Apovian CM, Gokce N (2012) Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 125(9):1178–1182. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.022541

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Hotamisligil GS (2006) Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 444(7121):860–867. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Johnson AM, Olefsky JM (2013) The origins and drivers of insulin resistance. Cell 152(4):673–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.041

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 116(7):1793–1801. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI29069

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M (2008) Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 371(9612):569–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60269-X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Setty AR, Curhan G, Choi HK (2007) Obesity, waist circumference, weight change, and the risk of psoriasis in women: nurses’ health study II. Arch Intern Med 167(15):1670–1675. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.15.1670

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Casas R, Sacanella E, Estruch R (2014) The immune protective effect of the Mediterranean diet against chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 14(4):245–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hass DJ, Brensinger CM, Lewis JD, Lichtenstein GR (2006) The impact of increased body mass index on the clinical course of Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4(4):482–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Collaborators GBDO, Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Salama JS, Vos T, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Ahmed MB, Al-Aly Z, Alkerwi A, Al-Raddadi R, Amare AT, Amberbir A, Amegah AK, Amini E, Amrock SM, Anjana RM, Arnlov J, Asayesh H, Banerjee A, Barac A, Baye E, Bennett DA, Beyene AS, Biadgilign S, Biryukov S, Bjertness E, Boneya DJ, Campos-Nonato I, Carrero JJ, Cecilio P, Cercy K, Ciobanu LG, Cornaby L, Damtew SA, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dharmaratne SD, Duncan BB, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Feigin VL, Fernandes JC, Furst T, Gebrehiwot TT, Gold A, Gona PN, Goto A, Habtewold TD, Hadush KT, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hay SI, Horino M, Islami F, Kamal R, Kasaeian A, Katikireddi SV, Kengne AP, Kesavachandran CN, Khader YS, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kinfu Y, Kosen S, Ku T, Defo BK, Kumar GA, Larson HJ, Leinsalu M, Liang X, Lim SS, Liu P, Lopez AD, Lozano R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGarvey ST, Mengistu DT, Mensah GA, Mensink GBM, Mezgebe HB, Mirrakhimov EM, Mueller UO, Noubiap JJ, Obermeyer CM, Ogbo FA, Owolabi MO, Patton GC, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rai RK, Ranabhat CL, Reinig N, Safiri S, Salomon JA, Sanabria JR, Santos IS, Sartorius B, Sawhney M, Schmidhuber J, Schutte AE, Schmidt MI, Sepanlou SG, Shamsizadeh M, Sheikhbahaei S, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shiue I, Roba HS, Silva DAS, Silverberg JI, Singh JA, Stranges S, Swaminathan S, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tedla BA, Tegegne BS, Terkawi AS, Thakur JS, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Uthman OA, Vaezghasemi M, Vasankari T, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Werdecker A, Wesana J, Westerman R, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yonga G, Zaidi Z, Zenebe ZM, Zipkin B, Murray CJL (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med 377(1):13–27. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Frasca D, Ferracci F, Diaz A, Romero M, Lechner S, Blomberg BB (2016) Obesity decreases B cell responses in young and elderly individuals. Obesity 24(3):615–625. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21383

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ovsyannikova IG, White SJ, Larrabee BR, Grill DE, Jacobson RM, Poland GA (2014) Leptin and leptin-related gene polymorphisms, obesity, and influenza A/H1N1 vaccine-induced immune responses in older individuals. Vaccine 32(7):881–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sheridan PA, Paich HA, Handy J, Karlsson EA, Hudgens MG, Sammon AB, Holland LA, Weir S, Noah TL, Beck MA (2012) Obesity is associated with impaired immune response to influenza vaccination in humans. Int J Obes 36(8):1072–1077. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. George MD, Baker JF (2016) The obesity epidemic and consequences for rheumatoid arthritis care. Curr Rheumatol Rep 18(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-015-0550-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Ottaviani S, Allanore Y, Tubach F, Forien M, Gardette A, Pasquet B, Palazzo E, Meunier M, Hayem G, Job-Deslandre C, Kahan A, Meyer O, Dieude P (2012) Body mass index influences the response to infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 14(3):R115. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Sandberg ME, Bengtsson C, Kallberg H, Wesley A, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L, Saevarsdottir S (2014) Overweight decreases the chance of achieving good response and low disease activity in early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 73(11):2029–2033. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205094

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hotamisligil GS (2017) Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature 542(7640):177–185. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pearce EL, Pearce EJ (2013) Metabolic pathways in immune cell activation and quiescence. Immunity 38(4):633–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.04.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Grant RW, Dixit VD (2015) Adipose tissue as an immunological organ. Obesity 23(3):512–518. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Frasca D, Diaz A, Romero M, Thaller S, Blomberg BB (2018) Secretion of autoimmune antibodies in the human subcutaneous adipose tissue. PLoS One 13(5):e0197472. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197472

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Winer DA, Winer S, Shen L, Wadia PP, Yantha J, Paltser G, Tsui H, Wu P, Davidson MG, Alonso MN, Leong HX, Glassford A, Caimol M, Kenkel JA, Tedder TF, McLaughlin T, Miklos DB, Dosch HM, Engleman EG (2011) B cells promote insulin resistance through modulation of T cells and production of pathogenic IgG antibodies. Nat Med 17(5):610–617. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Gerth AJ, Lin L, Peng SL (2003) T-bet regulates T-independent IgG2a class switching. Int Immunol 15(8):937–944

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Naradikian MS, Myles A, Beiting DP, Roberts KJ, Dawson L, Herati RS, Bengsch B, Linderman SL, Stelekati E, Spolski R, Wherry EJ, Hunter C, Hensley SE, Leonard WJ, Cancro MP (2016) Cutting edge: IL-4, IL-21, and IFN-gamma interact to govern T-bet and CD11c expression in TLR-activated B cells. J Immunol 197(4):1023–1028. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1600522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Peng SL, Szabo SJ, Glimcher LH (2002) T-bet regulates IgG class switching and pathogenic autoantibody production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(8):5545–5550. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082114899

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Santander AM, Lopez-Ocejo O, Casas O, Agostini T, Sanchez L, Lamas-Basulto E, Carrio R, Cleary MP, Gonzalez-Perez RR, Torroella-Kouri M (2015) Paracrine interactions between adipocytes and tumor cells recruit and modify macrophages to the mammary tumor microenvironment: the role of obesity and inflammation in breast adipose tissue. Cancers (Basel) 7(1):143–178. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers7010143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by NIH R56 AG32576 (DF/BBB), R21 AG042826 (DF/BBB), R21 AI096446 (BBB/DF), R56 AG059719 [4].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bonnie B. Blomberg .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Diaz, A., Romero, M., Frasca, D., Blomberg, B.B. (2019). Immunophenotyping of Human B Lymphocytes in Blood and in Adipose Tissue. In: McCoy, Jr, J. (eds) Immunophenotyping. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2032. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9650-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9650-6_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9649-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9650-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics