Abstract
Rodent seizure models that pathologically and behaviorally recapitulate age-tailored epileptic disorders are used by us and others to advance our understanding of the chronobiology and mechanisms of epileptic seizure emergence and their comorbidities and to investigate potential novel treatment strategies. Obtaining prolonged continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) tracings over months is essential in this line of translational research, particularly to assess the relation between electrographic changes and the development of seizures and their various psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities in models where seizures gradually emerge over weeks following brain insults. Here we describe our approach to electrode implantation and wiring in order to successfully obtain high-quality continuous EEG tracings in rats for prolonged periods. A detailed stepwise methodological description is provided with a special focus on the details that help most in avoiding notorious pitfalls such as premature EEG cable disconnections and a poor signal to noise ratio.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Leiser SC, Dunlop J, Bowlby MR, Devilbiss DM (2011) Aligning strategies for using EEG as a surrogate biomarker: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Biochem Pharmacol 81:1408–1421
Bertram EH, Williamson JM, Cornett JF, Spradlin S, Chen ZF (1997) Design and construction of a long-term continuous video-EEG monitoring unit for simultaneous recording of multiple small animals. Brain Res Protocol 2:85–97
Cowan LD (2002) The epidemiology of the epilepsies in children. Dev Disabil Res Rev 8:171–181
Pavlou E, Gkampeta A (2011) Learning disorders in children with epilepsy. Childs Nerv Syst 27:373–379
Piazzini A, Canevini MP, Maggiori G, Canger R (2001) Depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2:481–489
Williams J, Steel C, Sharp GB, DelosReyes E, Phillips T, Bates S et al (2003) Anxiety in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 4:729–732
Ettinger AB, Weisbrot DM, Nolan EE, Gadow KD, Vitale SA, Andriola MR et al (1998) Symptoms of depression and anxiety in pediatric epilepsy patients. Epilepsia 39:595–599
Davis SM, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, Killian J, Weaver AL, Ottman R et al (2010) Epilepsy in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Neurol 42:325–330
Steffenburg S, Gillberg C, Steffenburg U (1996) Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with mental retardation and active epilepsy. Arch Neurol 53:904–912
Braun KP (2017) Preventing cognitive impairment in children with epilepsy. Curr Opin Neurol 30:140–147
Lee GP (2010) Neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy. In: Neuropsychology of epilepsy and epilepsy surgery. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 96
Obeid M, Frank J, Medina M, Finckbone V, Bliss R, Bista B et al (2010) Neuroprotective effects of leptin following kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 19:278–283
Mikati MA, Zeinieh MP, Kurdi RM, Harb SA, El Hokayem JA, Daderian RH et al (2005) Long-term effects of acute and of chronic hypoxia on behavior and on hippocampal histology in the developing brain. Dev Brain Res 157:98–102
Mazarati A, Siddarth P, Baldwin RA, Shin D, Caplan R, Sankar R (2008) Depression after status epilepticus: behavioural and biochemical deficits and effects of fluoxetine. Brain 131:2071–2083
Liu G, Gu B, He X, Joshi RB, Wackerle HD, Rodriguiz RM et al (2013) Transient inhibition of TrkB kinase after status epilepticus prevents development of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuron 79:31–38
van Gestel S, van Oud-Alblas HB, Malingre M, Ververs T, Braun K, Van Nieuwenhuizen O (2005) Propofol and thiopental for refractory status epilepticus in children. Crit Care 9:P273
Kim SJ, Lee DY, Kim JS (2001) Neurologic outcomes of pediatric epileptic patients with pentobarbital coma. Pediatr Neurol 25:217–220
Lee SY, Park J, Park S, Kim Y, Lee KY (2017) Cognitive function and neuropsychological comorbidities in children with newly diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy. J Korean Med Sci 33:e17
Chiesa V, Gardella E, Tassi L, Canger R, Lo Russo G, Piazzini A et al (2007) Age-related gender differences in reporting ictal fear: analysis of case histories and review of the literature. Epilepsia 48:2361–2364
Besag FM (2018) Epilepsy in patients with autism: links, risks and treatment challenges. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 14:1
Sherwood NM, Timiras PS (1970) Stereotaxic atlas of the developing rat brain. University of California Press, USA
Paxinos G, Watson C (2005) The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Academic Press, San Diego, USA
Medlej Y, Asdikian R, Wadi L, Salah H, Dosh L, Hashash R, et al (2019) Enhanced setup for wired continuous long-term EEG monitoring in juvenile and adult rats: application for epilepsy and other disorders. BMC Neurosci 20:8
Acknowledgments
Yasser Fadlallah was involved in this research under the Medical Research Volunteer Program (MRVP) at the American University of Beirut.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Medlej, Y. et al. (2019). Methods in Electrode Implantation and Wiring for Long-Term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Rodent Models of Epilepsy and Behavioral Disturbances. In: Kobeissy, F. (eds) Psychiatric Disorders. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2011. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9553-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9554-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols