Abstract
Ca2+ regulation in living systems occurs via specific structural alterations, subtle or drastic, in the Ca2+-binding domains of sensor proteins. Sensor proteins perform designated nonredundant roles within the dense network of Ca2+-binding proteins. A detailed understanding of the structural changes in calcium sensor proteins due to Ca2+ spikes that vary spatially, temporally, and in magnitude would provide better insights into the mechanism of Ca2+ sensing. This chapter describes a method to study various stages during apo to the holo transition of Ca2+-binding proteins by Trp-mediated scanning of individual EF-hand motifs. We describe the applicability of this procedure to caldendrin, which is a neuronal Ca2+-binding protein and to integrin-binding protein. Tryptophan mutants of full-length caldendrin were designed to reveal local structural changes in each EF-hand of the protein. This method, referred to as “EF-hand scanning tryptophan mutagenesis,” not only allows the identification of canonical and noncanonical EF-hands using very low concentrations of protein but also enables visualization of the hierarchical filling of Ca2+ into the canonical EF-hands.
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Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the CSIR fast-track SRA to AC, CSIR, DST, and DBT grants to YS and DFG (Kr1879/3-1) to MRK.
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Kiran, U., Kreutz, M.R., Sharma, Y., Chakraborty, A. (2019). Tryptophan Scanning Mutagenesis of EF-Hand Motifs. In: Heizmann, C. (eds) Calcium-Binding Proteins of the EF-Hand Superfamily. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1929. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_35
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_35
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