LC-MS in Drug Analysis pp 1-10 | Cite as
An Introduction to Drug Testing: The Expanding Role of Mass Spectrometry
- 5 Citations
- 1 Mentions
- 1.4k Downloads
Abstract
Measurement of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids is the foundation of both therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and toxicology. The introduction of methods based on mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with gas or liquid chromatography, has revolutionized these areas. This chapter will introduce the reader to the application of MS to TDM and toxicology, the steps that should be considered during implementation and the processes that should be implemented to assure continued quality. Points of emphasis include advances and recent trends since the publication of the first edition of this book, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry and increased interest in alternate matrices.
Key words
Mass spectrometry Gas chromatography Liquid chromatography Therapeutic drug monitoring Toxicology Drug testingReferences
- 1.CLSI (2010) Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmation of drugs; approved guideline, 2nd edn. CLSI Document C43-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PAGoogle Scholar
- 2.CLSI (2007) Mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory: general principles and guidance; approved guideline. CLSI Document C50-A. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PAGoogle Scholar
- 3.Kirchherr H, Kühn-Velten WN (2006) Quantitative determination of forty-eight antidepressants and antipsychotics in human serum by HPLC tandem mass spectrometry: a multi-level, single-sample approach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 843:100–113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Zhang Y, Mehrotra N, Budha NR, Christensen ML, Meibohm B (2008) A tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, caffeine, phenytoin, ranitidine, and theophylline in small volume pediatric plasma specimens. Clin Chim Acta 398:105–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Sørensen LK (2010) Determination of acidic and neutral therapeutic drugs in human blood by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.07.016 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Subramanian M, Birnbaum AK, Remmel RP (2008) High-speed simultaneous determination of nine antiepileptic drugs using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 30:347–356CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Nair H, Lawrence L, Hoofnagle AN (2012) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry work flow for parallel quantification of methotrexate and other immunosuppressants. Clin Chem 58:943–945CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Salm P, Taylor PJ, Rooney F (2008) A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method using a novel atmospheric pressure chemical ionization approach for the rapid simultaneous measurement of tacrolimus and cyclosporin in whole blood. Ther Drug Monit 30:292–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Koster RA, Dijkers ECF, Uges DRA (2009) Robust, high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, everolimus, and sirolimus in whole blood. Ther Drug Monit 31:116–125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Bogusz MJ et al (2007) Simultaneous LC-MS-MS determination of cyclosporine a, tacrolimus, and sirolimus in whole blood as well as mycophenolic acid in plasma using common pretreatment procedure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 850:471–480CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Vande Casteele N et al (2014) Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease: current state and future perspectives. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 16:378CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 12.Wu AH, Gerona R, Armenian P, French D, Petrie M, Lynch KL (2012) Role of liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR/MS) in clinical toxicology. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 50:733–742CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Mikel C, Almazan P, West R, Crews B et al (2009) LC-MS/MS extends the range of drug analysis in pain patients. Ther Drug Monit 31:746–748CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2003) Interpretive guidelines for laboratories. http://www.cms.gov/CLIA/03_Interpretive_Guidelines_for_Laboratories.asp. Accessed 20 Nov 2017
- 15.Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community, National Research Council (2009) Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
- 16.Kaye DH (2010) The good, the bad, the ugly: the NAS report on strengthening forensic science in America. Sci Justice 50:8–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2009) Guidance for the implementation of a quality management system in drug testing laboratories. http://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/QMS_Ebook.pdf. Accessed 20 Nov 2017
- 18.United States Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration (2010) Scientific working group for the analysis of seized drugs recommendations. http://www.swgdrug.org/Documents/SWGDRUG%20Recommendations%20Version%207-1.pdf. Accessed 20 Nov 2017