Advertisement

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Brain Tumor Stem Cells

Protocol
Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB, volume 1869)

Abstract

As a useful biotechnology, flow cytometry has revolutionized the field of cell analysis through its dynamic system that employs fluidics, optics, and electronics. It was first used to analyze DNA, but is often used to determine biomarker expression, as well as to characterize and sort cells, in accordance with various parameters. A common application of flow cytometry is the identification and isolation of a distinct cancer cell population, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Various biomarkers have been used to elucidate this proportion of cells within the brain, termed brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). Here, we discuss methodology to prepare BTICs for flow cytometric analysis that includes the expression of markers.

Key words

Flow cytometry Cell sorting Cell analysis biomarkers 

References

  1. 1.
    Herzenberg LA, Parks D, Sahaf B et al (2002) The history and future of the fluorescence activated cell sorter and flow cytometry: a view from stanford. Clin Chem 48:1819–1827PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Shapiro HM (2003) Practical flow cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Brown M, Wittwer C (2000) Flow cytometry: principles and clinical applications in hematology. Clin Chem 46:1221–1229PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Álvarez-Barrientios A, Arroyo J, Cantón R, Nombela C, Sánchez-Pérez M (2000) Applications of flow cytometry to clinical microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 13:167–195CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Suthanthiraraj PPA, Graves S (2014) Fluidics. Curr Protoc Cytom:1–22Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Friedlander ML, Hedley DW, Taylor IW et al (2006) Influence of cellular DMA content on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 44:397–400Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Collins AT, Berry PA, Hyde C et al (2005) Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 65:10946–10952CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Dressler LG, Seamer LC, Owens MA, Clark GM, McGuire WL (1988) DNA flow cytometry and prognostic factors in 1331 frozen breast cancer specimens. Cancer 61:420–427CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Reid BJ, Levine DS, Longton G et al (2000) Predictors of progression to cancer in Barrett’s esophagus: baseline histology and flow cytometry identify low- and high-risk patient subsets. Am J Gastroenterol 95:1669–1676PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Li C, Heidt DG, Dalerba P, Burant CF et al (2007) Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 67:1030–1037CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Brien CAO, Pollett A, Gallinger S, Dick JE (2007) A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Nat Lett 445:106–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Bonnet D, Dick JE (1997) Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med 3:730–737CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M et al (2003) Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 63:5821–5828PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID et al (2004) Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature 432:396–401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Read TA, Fogarty MP, Markant SL et al (2009) Identification of CD15 as a marker for tumor-propagating cells in a mouse model of medulloblastoma. Cancer Cell 15:135–147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Son MJ, Woodlard K, Nam DH et al (2009) SSEA-a is an enrichment marker for tumor-initiating cells in human glioblastoma. Cancer Stem Cell 4:440–452Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Sonnenfeld KH, Ishii DN (1982) Nerve growth factor effects and receptors in cultured human neuroblastoma cell lines. J Neurosci Res 8:375–391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Barnes M, Eberhart CG, Collins R, Tihan T (2009) Expression of p7NTR in fetal brain and medulloblastmas: evidence of a precursor cell marker and its persistence in neoplasia. J Neuro-Oncol 92:193–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
  2. 2.Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
  3. 3.Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
  4. 4.Stem Cell and Cancer Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
  5. 5.Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
  6. 6.Department of SurgeryMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

Personalised recommendations