Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system can arguably affect all cellular proteins with few exceptions. In addition to regulating many pathways such as cell cycle progression, inflammation, gene expression, DNA repair, and vesicle trafficking—to just name a few—ubiquitination can occur to any nascent or newly translated protein that misfolds. In the past years, substantial progress has been achieved in advancing our global understanding of the ubiquitinome—the ensemble of ubiquitinated proteins within a cell—using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Notably, over 50,000 conjugation sites have now been reported. In this review, we discuss recent proteomics methods used to expand our knowledge of the ubiquitin proteasome system through the identification of ubiquitination sites, poly-ubiquitin chain types, and E3 ubiquitin ligase substrates.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cohen P, Tcherpakov M (2010) Will the ubiquitin system furnish as many drug targets as protein kinases? Cell 143(5):686–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.016
Huang X, Dixit VM (2016) Drugging the undruggables: exploring the ubiquitin system for drug development. Cell Res 26(4):484–498. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2016.31
Weathington NM, Mallampalli RK (2014) Emerging therapies targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system in cancer. J Clin Invest 124(1):6–12. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI71602
Komander D, Rape M (2012) The ubiquitin code. Annu Rev Biochem 81:203–229. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-060310-170328
Hershko A, Ciechanover A (1998) The ubiquitin system. Annu Rev Biochem 67:425–479. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.425
Wilkinson KD (2000) Ubiquitination and deubiquitination: targeting of proteins for degradation by the proteasome. Cell Dev Biol 11(3):141–148. https://doi.org/10.1006/scdb.2000.0164
Rajalingam K, Dikic I (2016) SnapShot: expanding the ubiquitin code. Cell 164(5):1074–1074.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.019
Zhang Y, Fonslow BR, Shan B et al (2013) Protein analysis by shotgun/bottom-up proteomics. Chem Rev 113(4):2343–2394. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3003533
Peng J, Schwartz D, Elias JE et al (2003) A proteomics approach to understanding protein ubiquitination. Nat Biotechnol 21(8):921–926. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt849
Lichti CF, Wildburger NC, Emmett MR et al (2014) Post-translational modifications in the human proteome. In: Genomics and proteomics for clinical discovery and development. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 101–136
Mayor T, Lipford JR, Graumann J et al (2005) Analysis of poly-ubiquitin conjugates reveals that the Rpn10 substrate receptor contributes to the turnover of multiple proteasome targets. Mol Cell Proteomics 4(6):741–751. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M400220-MCP200
Mayor T, Graumann J, Bryan J et al (2007) Quantitative profiling of ubiquitylated proteins reveals proteasome substrates and the substrate repertoire influenced by the Rpn10 receptor pathway. Mol Cell Proteomics 6(11):1885–1895. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M700264-MCP200
Meierhofer D, Wang X, Huang L, Kaiser P (2008) Quantitative analysis of global ubiquitination in HeLa cells by mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 7(10):4566–4576. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr800468j
Tagwerker C, Flick K, Cui M et al (2006) A tandem affinity tag for two-step purification under fully denaturing conditions: application in ubiquitin profiling and protein complex identification combined with in vivo cross-linking. Mol Cell Proteomics 5(4):737–748. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M500368-MCP200
Xu G, Paige JS, Jaffrey SR (2011) Global analysis of lysine ubiquitination by ubiquitin remnant immunoaffinity profiling. Nat Biotechnol 28(8):868–873. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1654
Kim W, Bennett EJ, Huttlin EL et al (2011) Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome. Mol Cell 44(2):325–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.025
Skaug B, Chen ZJ (2010) Emerging role of ISG15 in antiviral immunity. Cell 143(2):187–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.033
Wagner SA, Beli P, Weinert BT et al (2012) Proteomic analyses reveal divergent ubiquitylation site patterns in murine tissues. Mol Cell Proteomics 11(12):1578–1585. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M112.017905
Wagner SA, Beli P, Weinert BT et al (2011) A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles. Mol Cell Proteomics 10(10):M111.013284. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M111.013284
Hornbeck PV, Zhang B, Murray B et al (2015) PhosphoSitePlus, 2014: Mutations, PTMs and recalibrations. Nucleic Acids Res 43(DI):D512–D520. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1267
Udeshi ND, Mertins P, Svinkina T, Carr SA (2013) Large-scale identification of ubiquitination sites by mass spectrometry. Nat Methods 8(10):1950–1960. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2013.120
Mann M (2006) Functional and quantitative proteomics using SILAC. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7(12):952–959. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2067
Fang NN, Chan GT, Zhu M et al (2014) Rsp5/Nedd4 is the main ubiquitin ligase that targets cytosolic misfolded proteins following heat stress. Nat Cell Biol 16(12):1227–1237. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3054
Silva G, Finley D, Vogel C (2015) K63 polyubiquitination is a new modulator of the oxidative stress response. Nat Struct Mol Biol 22(2):116–123. https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2955
Rose CM, Isasa M, Ordureau A et al (2016) Highly multiplexed quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of ubiquitylomes. Cell Syst 3(4):395–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2016.08.009
Rauniyar N, Yates JR (2014) Isobaric labeling-based relative quantification in shotgun proteomics. J Proteome Res 13(12):5293–5309. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr500880b
Swaney DL, Beltrao P, Starita L et al (2014) Global analysis of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation crosstalk in protein degradation. Nat Methods 10(7):676–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2519
Shi Y, Xu P, Qin J (2011) Ubiquitinated proteome: ready for global? Mol Cell Proteomics 10(5):R110.006882. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.R110.006882
Chicooree N, Connolly Y, Tan C-T et al (2013) Enhanced detection of ubiquitin isopeptides. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 24(3):421–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-012-0538-0
Griffiths JR, Connolly Y, Griffiths JR et al (2014) Mass spectral enhanced detection of Ubls using SWATH of SUMO and ubiquitin-derived isopeptides. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 25(5):767–777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-014-0835-x
Gillet LC, Navarro P, Tate S et al (2012) Targeted data extraction of the MS/MS spectra generated by data-independent acquisition: a new concept for consistent and accurate proteome analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 11(6):O111.016717. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.O111.016717
Yau R, Rape M (2016) The increasing complexity of the ubiquitin code. Nat Cell Biol 18(6):579–586. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3358
Kaliszewski P, Zoładek T (2008) The role of Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase in regulation of diverse processes in yeast cells. Acta Biochim Pol 55(4):649–662
Kirkpatrick DS, Hathaway NA, Hanna J et al (2006) Quantitative analysis of in vitro ubiquitinated cyclin B1 reveals complex chain topology. Nat Cell Biol 8(7):700–710. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1436
Phu L, Izrael-tomasevic A, Matsumoto ML et al (2011) Improved quantitative mass spectrometry methods for characterizing complex ubiquitin signals. Mol Cell Proteomics 10(5):M110.003756. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M110.003756
Liu C, Liu W, Ye Y, Li W (2017) Ufd2p synthesizes branched ubiquitin chains to promote the degradation of substrates modified with atypical chains. Nat Commun 8:14274. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14274
Meyer H, Rape M (2014) Enhanced protein degradation by branched ubiquitin chains. Cell 157(4):910–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.037
Valkevich EM, Sanchez NA, Ge Y, Strieter ER (2014) Middle-down mass spectrometry enables characterization of branched ubiquitin chains. Biochemistry 53(30):4979−4989. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi5006305
Crowe SO, Rana ASJB, Deol KK et al (2017) Ubiquitin chain enrichment middle-down mass spectrometry enables characterization of branched ubiquitin chains in cellulo. J Anal Chem 89(8):4428–4434. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03675
Ohtake F, Saeki Y, Ishido S et al (2016) The K48-K63 branched ubiquitin chain regulates NF-κB signaling. Mol Cell 64(2):251–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.09.014
Hjerpe R, Aillet F, Lopitz-Otsoa F et al (2009) Efficient protection and isolation of ubiquitylated proteins using tandem ubiquitin-binding entities. EMBO Rep 10(11):1250–1258. https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2009.192
Rahighi S, Ikeda F, Kawasaki M et al (2009) Specific recognition of linear ubiquitin chains by NEMO is important for NF-kB activation. Cell 136(6):1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.007
Kristariyanto YA, Rehman SAA, Campbell DG et al (2015) K29-selective ubiquitin binding domain reveals structural basis of specificity and heterotypic nature of K29 polyubiquitin. Mol Cell 58(1):83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.041
Kristariyanto YA, Rehman SAA, Weidlich S et al (2017) A single MIU motif of MINDY-1 recognizes K48-linked polyubiquitin chains. EMBO Rep 18(3):392–402. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201643205
Kulathu Y, Akutsu M, Bremm A et al (2009) Two-sided ubiquitin binding explains specificity of the TAB2 NZF domain. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16(12):1328–1330. https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1731
Sims JJ, Scavone F, Cooper EM et al (2012) Polyubiquitin-sensor proteins reveal localization and linkage- type dependence of cellular ubiquitin signaling. Nat Methods 9(3):303–309. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1888
Thorslund T, Ripplinger A, Hoffmann S et al (2015) Histone H1 couples initiation and amplification of ubiquitin signalling after DNA damage. Nature 527(7578):389–393. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15401
Sims JJ, Cohen RE (2009) Linkage-specific avidity defines the lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin-binding preference of Rap80. Mol Cell 33(6):775–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2009.02.011
Yoshida Y, Saeki Y, Murakami A et al (2015) A comprehensive method for detecting ubiquitinated substrates using TR-TUBE. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112(15):4630–4635. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422313112
Yau RG, Doerner K, Castellanos ER et al (2017) Assembly and function of heterotypic ubiquitin chains in cell-cycle and protein quality control. Cell 171(4):918–933.e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.040
Michel MA, Swatek KN, Hospenthal MK, Komander D (2017) Ubiquitin linkage-specific affimers reveal insights into K6-linked ubiquitin signaling. Mol Cell 68(1):233–246.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2017.08.020
Xu M, Skaug B, Zeng W, Chen ZJ (2009) A ubiquitin replacement strategy in human cells reveals distinct mechanisms of IKK activation by TNFα and IL-1β. Mol Cell 36(2):302–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2009.10.002
Ordureau A, Heo J-M, Duda DM et al (2015) Defining roles of PARKIN and ubiquitin phosphorylation by PINK1 in mitochondrial quality control using a ubiquitin replacement strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112(21):6637–6642. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506593112
Rittinger K, Ikeda F (2017) Linear ubiquitin chains: enzymes, mechanisms and biology. Open Biol 7(4):170026. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170026
Kliza K, Taumer C, Pinzuti I et al (2017) Internally tagged ubiquitin: a tool to identify linear polyubiquitin-modified proteins by mass spectrometry. Nat Methods 14(5):504–512. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4228
Fang N, Ng A, Measday V, Mayor T (2011) Hul5 HECT ubiquitin ligase plays a major role in the ubiquitylation and turn over of cytosolic misfolded proteins. Nat Cell Biol 13(11):1344–1352. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2343
Fang NN, Zhu M, Rose A et al (2016) Deubiquitinase activity is required for the proteasomal degradation of misfolded cytosolic proteins upon heat-stress. Nat Commun 7:12907. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12907
Thompson JW, Nagel J, Hoving S et al (2014) Quantitative Lys-∈−Gly-Gly (diGly) proteomics coupled with inducible RNAi reveals ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) by the E3 Ligase HUWE1. J Biol Chem 289(42):28942–28955. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.573352
Krönke J, Udeshi ND, Narla A et al (2014) Lenalidomide causes selective degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 in multiple myeloma cells. Science 343(6168):301–305. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244851
Krönke J, Fink EC, Hollenbach PW et al (2015) Lenalidomide induces ubiquitination and degradation of CK1α in del(5q) MDS. Nature 523(7559):183–188. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14610
An J, Ponthier CM, Sack R et al (2017) PSILAC mass spectrometry reveals ZFP91 as IMiD-dependent substrate of the CRL4 CRBN ubiquitin ligase. Nat Commun 8:15398. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15398
Peschiaroli A, Dorrello NV, Guardavaccaro D et al (2006) SCFβTrCP-mediated degradation of claspin regulates recovery from the DNA replication checkpoint response. Mol Cell 23(3):319–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2006.06.013
Dorrello NV, Peschiaroli A, Guardavaccaro D et al (2006) S6K1- and bTRCP-mediated degradation of PDCD4 promotes protein translation and cell growth. Science 314(5798):467–472. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130276
Ko HW, Jiang J, Edery I et al (2007) SCFFbxl3 controls the oscillation of the circadian clock by directing the degradation of cryptochrome proteins. Science 316(5826):900–904. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141194
Busino L, Millman SE, Scotto L et al (2012) Fbxw7α- and GSK3-mediated degradation of p100 is a pro-survival mechanism in multiple myeloma. Nat Cell Biol 14(4):375–385. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2463
Harper JW, Tan M-KM (2012) Understanding cullin-RING E3 biology through proteomics-based substrate identification. Mol Cell Proteomics 11(12):1541–1550. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.R112.021154
Tan MKM, Lim HJ, Bennett EJ et al (2013) Parallel SCF adaptor capture proteomics reveals a role for SCFFBXL17 in NRF2 activation via BACH1 repressor turnover. Mol Cell 52(1):9–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.08.018
Watanabe K, Yumimoto K, Nakayama KI (2015) FBXO21 mediates the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of EID1. Genes Cells 20(8):667–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12260
Roux KJ, Kim DI, Burke B (2013) BioID: a screen for protein-protein interactions. Curr Protoc Protein Sci 74:Unit 19.23. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471140864.ps1923s74
Coyaud E, Mis M, Laurent EMN et al (2015) BioID-based identification of Skp cullin F-box (SCF) β-TrCP1/2 E3 ligase substrates. Mol Cell Proteomics 14(7):1781–1795. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M114.045658
Zhuang M, Guan S, Wang H et al (2013) Substrates of IAP ubiquitin ligases identified with a designed orthogonal E3 ligase, the NEDDylator. Mol Cell 49(2):273–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2012.10.022
Mark KG, Simonetta M, Maiolica A et al (2014) Ubiquitin ligase trapping identifies an SCFSaf1 pathway targeting unprocessed vacuolar/lysosomal proteins. Mol Cell 53(1):148–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.12.003
O’Connor HF, Lyon N, Leung JW et al (2015) Ubiquitin-activated interaction traps (UBAITs) identify E3 ligase binding partners. EMBO Rep 16(12):1699–1712. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201540620
MacDonald C, Winistorfer S, Pope RM et al (2017) Enzyme reversal to explore the function of yeast E3 ubiquitin-ligases. Traffic 18(7):465–484. https://doi.org/10.1111/tra.12485
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank all lab members for the discussions and Cristen Molzahn for the comments on the manuscript. They also acknowledge support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and British Columbia Proteomics Network (BCPN); TM is a MSFHR new investigator.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Rose, A., Mayor, T. (2018). Exploring the Rampant Expansion of Ubiquitin Proteomics. In: Mayor, T., Kleiger, G. (eds) The Ubiquitin Proteasome System. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1844. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8706-1_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8706-1_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8705-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8706-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols