Abstract
The emergence of semiautonomous organelles, such as the mitochondrion, the chloroplast, and more recently, the chromatophore, are critical steps in the evolution of eukaryotes. They resulted from primary endosymbiotic events that seem to share general features, i.e., an acquisition of a bacterium/cyanobacteria likely via a phagocytic membrane, a genome reduction coinciding with an escape of genes from the organelle to the nucleus, and finally the appearance of an active system translocating nuclear-encoded proteins back to the organelles. An intense mobilization of foreign genes of bacterial origin, via horizontal gene transfers, plays a critical role. Some third partners, like Chlamydia, might have facilitated the transition from cyanobacteria to the early chloroplast. This chapter describes our current understanding of primary endosymbiosis, with a specific focus on primary chloroplasts considered to have emerged more than one billion years ago, and on the chromatophore, having emerged about one hundred million years ago.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-13-ADAP-0008 Reglisse; ANR-10-LABEX-04 GRAL Labex, Grenoble Alliance for Integrated Structural Cell Biology; ANR-11-BTBR-0008 Océanomics).
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Maréchal, E. (2018). Primary Endosymbiosis: Emergence of the Primary Chloroplast and the Chromatophore, Two Independent Events. In: Maréchal, E. (eds) Plastids. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1829. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8654-5_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8654-5_1
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