Abstract
Microbial communities are widespread in the environment, and to isolate and identify species or to determine relations among microorganisms, some ‘omics methods like metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been used. When combined with various ‘omics data, models known as artificial microbial ecosystems (AME) are powerful methods that can make functional predictions about microbial communities. Reconstruction of an AME model is the first step for model analysis. Many techniques have been applied to the construction of AME models, e.g., the compartmentalization approach, community objectives method, and dynamic analysis approach. Of these approaches, species compartmentalization is the most relevant to genetics. Besides, some algorithms have been developed for the analysis of AME models. In this chapter, we present a general protocol for the use of the species compartmentalization method to reconstruct a model of microbial communities. Then, the analysis of an AME is discussed.
References
Caumette P, Bertrand J-C, Normand P (2015) Some historical elements of microbial ecology. In: Bertrand J-C, Caumette P, Lebaron P, Matheron R, Normand P, Sime-Ngando T (eds) Environmental microbiology: fundamentals and applications. Springer, New York, pp 9–24
Bowler C, Karl DM, Colwell RR (2009) Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity. Nature 459(7244):180–184
Sun X, Gao Y, Yang Y (2013) Recent advancement in microbial environmental research using metagenomics tools. Biodivers Sci 21(4):393–400
Yamada T (2011) Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473(7346):174–180
Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC, Chikere BO (2011) Monitoring of microbial hydrocarbon remediation in the soil. 3 Biotech 1(3):117–138
Singh BK, Bardgett RD, Smith P, Reay DS (2010) Microorganisms and climate change: terrestrial feedbacks and mitigation options. Nat Rev Microbiol 8(11):779–790
Wilmes P, Wexler M, Bond PL (2008) Metaproteomics provides functional insight into activated sludge wastewater treatment. PLoS One 3(3):e1778
Daviss B (2005) Growing pains for metabolomics. Scientist 19(8):25–28
Ma Q, Zhou J, Zhang WW, Meng XX, Sun JW, Yuan YJ (2011) Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis of an artificial microbial community for two-step production of vitamin C. PLoS One 6(10):e26108
Ye C, Xu N, Dong C, Ye Y, Zou X, Chen X, Guo F, Liu L (2017) IMGMD: a platform for the integration and standardisation of In silico Microbial Genome-scale metabolic models. Sci Rep-UK 7(1):727
McCloskey D, Palsson BØ, Feist AM (2013) Basic and applied uses of genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions of Escherichia coli. Mol Syst Biol 9(1):661
Oberhardt MA, Palsson BØ, Papin JA (2009) Applications of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions. Mol Syst Biol 5(1):320
Durot M, Bourguignon PY, Schachter V (2009) Genome-scale models of bacterial metabolism: reconstruction and applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 33(1):164–190
Ranganathan S, Tee TW, Chowdhury A, Zomorrodi AR, Yoon JM, Fu Y, Shanks JV, Maranas CD (2012) An integrated computational and experimental study for overproducing fatty acids in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 14(6):687–704
Nakahigashi K, Toya Y, Ishii N, Soga T, Hasegawa M, Watanabe H, Takai Y, Honma M, Mori H, Tomita M (2009) Systematic phenome analysis of Escherichia coli multiple‐knockout mutants reveals hidden reactions in central carbon metabolism. Mol Syst Biol 5(1):306
Fong SS, Palsson BO (2004) Metabolic gene-deletion strains of Escherichia coli evolve to computationally predicted growth phenotypes. Nat Genet 36(10):1056–1058
Ibarra RU, Edwards JS, Palsson BO (2002) Escherichia coli K-12 undergoes adaptive evolution to achieve in silico predicted optimal growth. Nature 420(6912):186–189
Schuetz R, Kuepfer L, Sauer U (2007) Systematic evaluation of objective functions for predicting intracellular fluxes in Escherichia coli. Mol Syst Biol 3:119
Selvarasu S, Ow DSW, Lee SY, Lee MM, Oh SKW, Karimi IA, Lee DY (2009) Characterizing Escherichia coli DH5 alpha Growth and Metabolism in a complex medium using genome- scale flux analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 102(3):923–934
Segre D, Vitkup D, Church GM (2002) Analysis of optimality in natural and perturbed metabolic networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(23):15112–15117
Nishikawa T, Gulbahce N, Motter AE (2008) Spontaneous reaction silencing in metabolic optimization. PLoS Comput Biol 4(12):e1000236
Ghim CM, Goh KI, Kahng B (2005) Lethality and synthetic lethality in the genome-wide metabolic network of Escherichia coli. J Theor Biol 237(4):401–411
Motter AE, Gulbahce N, Almaas E, Barabasi AL (2008) Predicting synthetic rescues in metabolic networks. Mol Syst Biol 4:168
Kim DH, Motter AE (2009) Slave nodes and the controllability of metabolic networks. New J Phys 11:113047
Pal C, Papp B, Lercher MJ, Csermely P, Oliver SG, Hurst LD (2006) Chance and necessity in the evolution of minimal metabolic networks. Nature 440(7084):667–670
Yizhak K, Tuller T, Papp B, Ruppin E (2011) Metabolic modeling of endosymbiont genome reduction on a temporal scale. Mol Syst Biol 7:479
Notebaart RA, Kensche PR, Huynen MA, Dutilh BE (2009) Asymmetric relationships between proteins shape genome evolution. Genome Biol 10(2):R19
Pal C, Papp B, Lercher MJ (2005) Adaptive evolution of bacterial metabolic networks by horizontal gene transfer. Nat Genet 37(12):1372–1375
Pal C, Papp B, Lercher MJ (2005) Horizontal gene transfer depends on gene content of the host. Bioinformatics 21:222–223
Ye C, Zou W, Xu N, Liu L (2014) Metabolic model reconstruction and analysis of an artificial microbial ecosystem for vitamin C production. J Biotechnol 182–183:61–67
Stolyar S, Van Dien S, Hillesland KL, Pinel N, Lie TJ, Leigh JA, Stahl DA (2007) Metabolic modeling of a mutualistic microbial community. Mol Syst Biol 3:92
Biggs MB, Medlock GL, Kolling GL, Papin JA (2015) Metabolic network modeling of microbial communities. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 7(5):317–334
Zhuang K, Izallalen M, Mouser P, Richter H, Risso C, Mahadevan R, Lovley DR (2010) Genome-scale dynamic modeling of the competition between Rhodoferax and Geobacter in anoxic subsurface environments. ISME J 5(2):305–316
Bordbar A, Lewis NE, Schellenberger J, Palsson BØ, Jamshidi N (2010) Insight into human alveolar macrophage and M. tuberculosis interactions via metabolic reconstructions. Mol Syst Biol 6(1):422
Overbeek R, Olson R, Pusch GD, Olsen GJ, Davis JJ, Disz T, Edwards RA, Gerdes S, Parrello B, Shukla M (2014) The SEED and the rapid annotation of microbial genomes using subsystems technology (RAST). Nucleic Acids Res 42(D1):D206–D214
Agren R, Liu LM, Shoaie S, Vongsangnak W, Nookaew I, Nielsen J (2013) The RAVEN toolbox and its use for generating a genome-scale metabolic model for Penicillium chrysogenum. PLoS Comput Biol 9(3):e1002980
Schellenberger J, Que R, Fleming RM, Thiele I, Orth JD, Feist AM, Zielinski DC, Bordbar A, Lewis NE, Rahmanian S (2011) Quantitative prediction of cellular metabolism with constraint- based models: the COBRA Toolbox v2. 0. Nat Protoc 6(9):1290–1307
Swainston N, Smallbone K, Mendes P, Kell D, Paton N (2011) The SuBliMinaL toolbox: automating steps in the reconstruction of metabolic networks. J Integr Bioinform 8(2):186–202
Ravikrishnan A, Raman K (2015) Critical assessment of genome-scale metabolic networks: the need for a unified standard. Brief Bioinform 16(6):1057–1068
Kanehisa M, Sato Y, Kawashima M, Furumichi M, Tanabe M (2016) KEGG as a reference resource for gene and protein annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 44(D1):D457–D462
Chang A, Schomburg I, Placzek S, Jeske L, Ulbrich M, Xiao M, Sensen CW, Schomburg D (2014) BRENDA in 2015: exciting developments in its 25th year of existence. Nucleic Acids Res 43(D1):D439–D446
Saier MH, Reddy VS, Tsu BV, Ahmed MS, Li C, Moreno-Hagelsieb G (2015) The transporter classification database (TCDB): recent advances. Nucleic Acids Res 44(D1):D372–D379
Caspi R, Billington R, Ferrer L, Foerster H, Fulcher CA, Keseler IM, Kothari A, Krummenacker M, Latendresse M, Mueller LA (2016) The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes and the BioCyc collection of pathway/genome databases. Nucleic Acids Res 44(D1):D471–D480
Keseler IM, Mackie A, Peralta-Gil M, Santos-Zavaleta A, Gama-Castro S, Bonavides-Martínez C, Fulcher C, Huerta AM, Kothari A, Krummenacker M (2013) EcoCyc: fusing model organism databases with systems biology. Nucleic Acids Res 41(D1):D605–D612
Sheppard TK, Hitz BC, Engel SR, Song G, Balakrishnan R, Binkley G, Costanzo MC, Dalusag KS, Demeter J, Hellerstedt ST (2015) The Saccharomyces genome database variant viewer. Nucleic Acids Res 44(D1):D698–D702
Nancy YY, Wagner JR, Laird MR, Melli G, Rey S, Lo R, Dao P, Sahinalp SC, Ester M, Foster LJ (2010) PSORTb 3.0: improved protein subcellular localization prediction with refined localization subcategories and predictive capabilities for all prokaryotes. Bioinformatics 26(13):1608–1615
Yu CS, Chen YC, Lu CH, Hwang JK (2006) Prediction of protein subcellular localization. Proteins 64(3):643–651
Thiele I, Palsson BØ (2010) A protocol for generating a high-quality genome-scale metabolic reconstruction. Nat Protoc 5(1):93–121
King ZA, Lu J, Drager A, Miller P, Federowicz S, Lerman JA, Ebrahim A, Palsson BO, Lewis NE (2016) BiGG Models: a platform for integrating, standardizing and sharing genome-scale models. Nucleic Acids Res 44(D1):D515–D522
Stein L (2001) Genome annotation: from sequence to biology. Nat Rev Genet 2(7):493–503
Yandell M, Ence D (2012) A beginner's guide to eukaryotic genome annotation. Nat Rev Genet 13(5):329–342
Stothard P, Wishart DS (2006) Automated bacterial genome analysis and annotation. Curr Opin Microbiol 9(5):505–510
Moriya Y, Itoh M, Okuda S, Yoshizawa AC, Kanehisa M (2007) KAAS: an automatic genome annotation and pathway reconstruction server. Nucleic Acids Res 35(Web Server):W182–W185
Aziz RK, Bartels D, Best AA, DeJongh M, Disz T, Edwards RA, Formsma K, Gerdes S, Glass EM, Kubal M (2008) The RAST Server: rapid annotations using subsystems technology. BMC Genomics 9(1):75–89
Devoid S, Overbeek R, DeJongh M, Vonstein V, Best AA, Henry C (2013) Automated genome annotation and metabolic model reconstruction in the SEED and Model SEED. Methods Mol Biol 985:17–45
Kim TY, Sohn SB, Kim YB, Kim WJ, Lee SY (2012) Recent advances in reconstruction and applications of genome-scale metabolic models. Curr Opin Biotechnol 23(4):617–623
Sacher O, Reitz M, Gasteiger J (2009) Investigations of enzyme-catalyzed reactions based on physicochemical descriptors applied to hydrolases. J Chem Inf Model 49(6):1525–1534
Horton P, Park K-J, Obayashi T, Fujita N, Harada H, Adams-Collier C, Nakai K (2007) WoLF PSORT: protein localization predictor. Nucleic Acids Res 35(suppl 2):W585–W587
CS Y, Lin CJ, Hwang JK (2004) Predicting subcellular localization of proteins for Gram- negative bacteria by support vector machines based on n-peptide compositions. Protein Sci 13(5):1402–1406
Moretti S, Martin O, Tran TV, Bridge A, Morgat A, Pagni M (2016) MetaNetX/MNXref - reconciliation of metabolites and biochemical reactions to bring together genome-scale metabolic networks. Nucleic Acids Res 44(D1):D523–D526
Zomorrodi AR, Maranas CD (2012) OptCom: a multi-level optimization framework for the metabolic modeling and analysis of microbial communities. PLoS Comput Biol 8(2):e1002363
Zomorrodi AR, Islam MM, Maranas CD (2014) d-OptCom: dynamic multi-level and multi- objective metabolic modeling of microbial communities. ACS Synth Biol 3(4):247–257
Khandelwal RA, Olivier BG, Roling WFM, Teusink B, Bruggeman FJ (2013) Community flux balance analysis for microbial consortia at balanced growth. PLoS One 8(5):e64567
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ye, C., Xu, N., Chen, X., Liu, L. (2018). Metabolic Model Reconstruction and Analysis of an Artificial Microbial Ecosystem. In: Fondi, M. (eds) Metabolic Network Reconstruction and Modeling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1716. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7528-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7528-0_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7527-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7528-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols